THE 


SIMPLE  COBLER 


OF 


AGGAWAM    IN    AMERICA. 


REV.  NATHANIEL  WARD. 


EDITED  BY   DAVID    PULSIFER. 


OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY 

OF 


BOSTON: 

JAMES    MUNROE    A'ND    COMPANY 
1843. 


. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1843,  by 

DATID  P'JLSIFER, 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  District  of  Massachusetts. 


THURSTON    AND    TORRY,    PRINTERS, 

18  Deronshire  Street. 


NOTICE   OF  THE   AUTHOR 


THE  REVEREND  NATHANIEL  WARD,  the  writer  of  the  fol 
lowing  work,  was  born  at  Haverhill,  England,  in  1570.  Of 
this  town  his  father  was  a  clergyman.  He  was  educated  at 
Cambridge,  studied  and  practised  law,  travelled  on  the  Con 
tinent,  afterwards  commenced  the  study  of  divinity,  became 
a  preacher  of  the  Gospel,  and  was  settled  at  Standon,  in 
Hertfordshire.  He  was  a  strong  friend  of  the  early  settlers 
of  New  England  before  the  elder  Winthrop's  coming  over. 
At  a  General  Court  of  the  Massachusetts  Company,  held 
in  London,  on  Wednesday  the  25th  of  November,  1629, 
"  Mr.  Whyte  did  reconlend  Mr.  Nathaniel  Ward  of  Stan 
don  "  to  be  admitted  to  the  freedom  of  the  Company.  He 
was  ordered  before  the  Bishop,  Dec.  12,  1631,  to  answer 
for  his  non-conformity.  Being  forbidden  to  preach,  he  em 
barked  in  April,  1634,  for  this  country.  He  arrived  here 
in  June,  and  was  settled  as  Pastor  of  the  church  at  Ipswich, 
or  Aggawam,  the  same  year.  By  reason  of  indisposition, 

194742 


IV  NOTICE    OF    THE    AUTHOR. 

he  was,  at  his  own  request,  in  1636,  released  from  his  en 
gagement  with  the  church  there.  However  thus  disengag 
ed,  he  preached  often  during  the  time  he  remained  in  the 
colony.  The  necessities  of  the  infant  Commonwealth  call 
ed  for  his  time,  talents,  and  acquirements.  Nor  did  he 
refuse.  Willing  to  do  the  good,  which  he  might,  he  lent  a 
ready  and  efficient  hand  to  the  formation  of  our  Legal  Code. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  General  Court,  March  12,  1638, 
on  a  committee  to  draw  up  a  system  of  laws,  for  the  con 
sideration  of  the  freemen.  The  same  legislative  authority, 
May  13,  1640,  granted  him  six  hundred  acres  of  land  for 
his  service,  at  Pentucket,  afterwards  called  Haverhill.  He 
preached  the  election  sermon,  1641,  in  which  he  advanced 
several  things  that  savored  more  of  liberty,  than  some  of 
the  magistrates  were  prepared  to  approve.  The  same  year, 
Oct.  7,  "  The  Govern'1  and  mr  Hauthorne  were  Desired 
to  speake  to  mr  Ward,  for  a  coppey  of  the  liberties,  and  of 
the  Capitall  lawes  to  bee  transcribed,  and  sent  to  the  several! 
townes."  He  wrote  the  "  Simple  Cobler "  in  1645.  In 
this  year,  May  25,  he  was  on  a  committee  to  draw  up  a 
Body  of  Liberties,  which  were  published  in  1648,  being  the 
first  printed  volume  of  the  kind  in  this  Colony.  Though 
greatly  assisted  by  Joseph  Hills  and  others  in  the  composi 
tion  and  arrangement  of  so  important  a  work,  yet  he  ap 
pears  to  have  been  a  principal  agent  in  its  accomplishment. 
He  sold  his  interest  at  Haverhill,  Nov.  25,  1646,  to  John 
Eaton,  for  c£12,00.  Between  this  date  and  the  6th  of  Jan 
uary  following,  he  returned  to  England.  On  June  30th, 
1647,  he  preached  before  the  House  of  Commons,  and  the 
same  year  published  the  "  Simple  Cobler."  He  was  after- 


NOTICE    OF    THE    AUTHOR.  V 

wards  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Shenfield,  near  Brentwood, 
where  he  died  in  1653,  in  his  eighty-third  year. 

Fuller,  in  his  "  Worthies  of  England,"  speaking  of  him, 
says,  that  he,  "  following  the  counsel  of  the  poet, 

Ridentcm  dicere  verum, 
Quis  velat  ? 

What  doth  forbid  but  one  may  smile, 
And  also  tell  the  truth  the  while  ? 

hath  in  a  jesting  way,  in  some  of  his  books,  delivered  much 
smart  truth  of  the  present  times."  Dr.  Mather,  in  his 
"  Magnalia,"  remarks  of  him,  "  he  was  the  author  of  many 
composures  full  of  wit  and  sense ;  among  which,  that  en- 
tituled  The  Simple  Cooler  (which  demonstrated  him  to  be  a 
subtil  statesman)  was  most  considered."  The  same  author 
adds,  that  "  some  famous  persons  of  old  thought  it  a  great 
er  glory  to  have  it  enquired  ;  ivhy  such  a  one  had  not  a 
statue  erected  for  him  ?  than  to  have  it  enquired  why  he 
had?  If  it  be  enquired,  ivhy  this  our  St.  Hilary  hath  among 
our  Lives  no  statue  erected  for  him  1  let  that  enquiry  go  for 
part  of  one."  And  in  the  "  Remarkables  "  of  Increase 
Mather,  he  observes,  "  An  hundred  witty  Speeches  of  our 
Celebrated  Ward,  who  called  himself  The  Simple  Cobler 
of  Agawam,  [arid  over  whose  Mantel-piece  in  his  House,  by 
the  way,  I  have  seen  those  three  Words  Engraved,  SOBRIE, 
JUSTE,  PIE,  and  a  Fourth  added,  which  was  L^ETE :] 
have  been  reported ;  but  he  had  one  Godly  Speech,  that 
was  worth  'em  all ;  which  was,  /  have  only  Two  Comforts  to 
2* 


Vi  NOTICE    OF    THE    AUTHOR. 

Live  upon;   The  one  is  in  the  Perfections  of  CHRIST ; 
Tke  other  is  in  The  Imperfections  of  all  CHRISTIANS." 

Mr.  Ward  had  several  children.  Among  them,  were 
John,  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Haverhill,  Mass.,  where  he 
died,  1693 ;  James,  who  practised  medicine,  and  a  daugh 
ter,  married  to  Gyles  Fyrmin.  These  three  last  accom 
panied  their  father  to  England. 

To  illustrate  how  much  Mr.  Ward  benevolently  labored 
for  the  public  good  with  but  small  recompense,  we  quote 
another  remark  of  Cotton  Mather,  as  to  his  son  John.  It 
follows  :  "  He  was  a  son  most  exemplarily  dutiful  unto  his 
parents ;  and  having  paid  some  considerable  debts  for  his 
father,  he  would  afterwards  humbly  observe  and  confess, 
that  God  had  abundantly  recompenced  this  his  dutifulness." 
Whether  these  debts  were  paid  in  Old  or  New  England  is 
uncertain. 

Thus  we  have  given  a  sketch  of  one,  who  deserves  well 
of  New  England  and  of  friends  to  freedom  every  where,  — 
so  that  it  might  be  more  evident  how  he  and  the  subsequent 
work  were  estimated  by  his  cotemporaries  and  successors. 

D.  P. 

BOSTON,  March  8,  1843. 


NOTE. 


THIS  work  passed  through  several  editions  at  Lon 
don  in  1647.  It  was  reprinted  in  Boston  in  1713. 
One  of  the  earlier  editions  and  that  of  1713  have 
been  used  in  preparing  the  present  edition  for  the 
press.  After  his  first  impression,  the  author  made 
several  additions  to  succeeding  ones,  which  will  be 
found  in  this  now  issued.  —  The  principal  of  these 
additions  are  as  follow :  "  A  Word  of  Love  to  the 
Common  People  of  England,"  "A  most  humble  Heel 
piece,"  &c.,  and  "  A  respective  word  to  the  Min 
isters  of  England." 

ED. 


THE 


SIMPLE  COBLEft 


OF 


AGGAVVAM  m  AMERICA. 
WILLING 

To  help  'mend  his  Native  Country,  lamentably 
tattered,  both  in  the  upper-Leather  and  sole, 
with  all  the  honest  stitches  he  can  take. 

And  as  willing  never  to  be  paid  for  his  work, 
by  Old  English  wonted  pay. 

It  is  his  trade  to  patch  all  the  year  long,  gratis. 
Therefore  I  pray  Gentlemen  keep  your  purses. 


By  Theodore  de  la  Guard. 


In  rebus  arduis  ac  tenui  fpe,  fortijjima 
quceque  conjitia  tutijjlma  funt .     Cic. 

In  English, 

When  bootes  and  shoes  are  torne  up  to  the  lefts, 
Coblers  must  thrust  their  awles  up  to  the  hefts. 

This  is  no  time  to  feare  Apelles  gramm: 
Nc  Sutor  quidem  ultra  crepidam. 

LONDON, 

Printed  by  J.  D.  <$•  R.  I.  for  Stephen  Bowtcll,  at  the 
signe  of  the  Bible  in  Popes  Head-Alley,  1647. 


TO    THE 

READER. 

Gentlemen 

IPray  make  a  little  roome  for  a  Cobler,  his 
work  was  done  in  time,  but  a  ship  setting 
sayle   one  day  too  soon  makes  it  appear 
some  weeks  too  late  ;  Seeing  he  is  so  rea 
sonable  as  to  demand  no  other  pay  for  his 
labour  and  leather,  but  leave  to  pay  us  well  for 
our  faults,  let  it  be  accepted,  as  Counsel  in  our 
occasions  to  come,  and  as  a  Testimony  of  what 
is  past, 

By  a  Friend. 


THE 


SIMPLE  COBLER 


OF 


AGGAVVAM  in  AMERICA. 


]ITHER  I  am  in  an  Appoplexie,  or  that  man 
is  in  a  Lethargic,  who  doth  not  now  sen 
sibly  feele  God  shaking  the  Heavens  over 
his  head,  and  the  Earth  under  his  feet  : 
The  Heavens  so,  as  the  Sun  begins  to  turne 
into  darknesse,  the  Moon  into  blood,  the 
Starres  to  fall  down  to  the  ground  ;  So  that  little  Light 
"of  Comfort  or  Counsell  is  left  to  the  sonnes  of  men  : 
The  Earth  so,  as  the  foundations  are  failing,  the 
righteous  scarce  know  where  to  finde  rest,  the  Inhab 
itants  stagger  like  drunken  men  ;  it  is  in  a  manner 
dissolved  both  in  Religions  and  Relations :  And  no 
marvell  ;  for,  they  have  defiled  it  by  transgressing 
the  Laws,  changing  the  Ordinances,  and  breaking  the 
Everlasting  Covenant.  The  Truths  of  God  are  the 
Pillars  .of  the  world,  whereon  States  and  Churches 
may  stand  quiet  if  they  will  ;  if  they  will  not,  He 
can  easily  shake  them  off  into  delusions,  and  distrac 
tions  enough. 

Sathan  is  now  in  his  passions,  hee  feeles  his  pas 
sion  approaching  ;  hee  loves  to  fish  in  royled  waters. 
Though  that  Dragon  cannot  sting   the  vitals  of  the 
3 


The  Simple  Cobler  of 


Elect  mortally,  yet  that  Beelzebub  can  fly-blow  their 
Intellectuals  miserably  :  The  finer  Religion  grows, 
the  finer  hee  spins  his  Cobwebs,  hee  will  hold  pace 
with  Christ  so  long  as  his  wits  will  serve  him.  Hee 
sees  himselfe  beaten  out  of  grosse  Idolatries,  Heresies, 
Ceremonies,  where  the  Light  breakes  forth  with  pow 
er  ;  he  will  therefore  bestirre  him  to  prevaricate  Evan- 
gelicall  Truths,  and  Ordinances,  that  if  they  will 
needs  be  walking,  yet  they  shall  lab  vr  are  varicibus, 
and  not  keep  their  path  :  he  will  put  them  out  of  time 
and  place  ;  Assascinating  for  his  Engineers,  men  of 
Paracelsian  parts;  well  complexioned  for  honesty; 
for,  such  are  fittest,  to  Mountebanke  his  Chimistry 
into  sicke  Churches  and  weake  Judgements. 

Nor  shall  hee  neede  to  stretch  his  strength  overmuch 
in  this  worke  :  Too  many  men  having  not  laid  their 
foundation  sure,  nor  ballasted  their  Spirits  deepe  with 
humility  and  feare,  are  prest  enough  of  themselves  to 
evaporate  their  owne  apprehensions.  Those  that  are 
acquainted  with  Story  know,  it  hath  ever  been  so  in 
new  Editions  of  Churches  :  Such  as  are  least  able, 
are  most  busie  to  pudder  in  the  rubbish,  and  to  raise 
dust  in  the  eyes  of  more  steady  Repayrers.  Civil  1 
Commotions  make  roome  for  uncivill  practises  :  Re 
ligious  mutations,  for  irreligious  opinions  :  Change  of 
Aire,  discovers  corrupt  bodies ;  Reformation  of  Re 
ligion,  unsound  mindes.  He  that  hath  any  well-faced 
phancyin  his  Crowne,  and  doth  not  vent  it  now,  fears 
the  pride  of  his  owne  heart  vvi  1  dub  him  dunce  for 
ever.  Such  a  one  will  trouble  the  whole  Israel  of 
God  with  his  most  untimely  births,  though  he  makes 


AGGAVVAM  in  America. 


the  bones  of  his  vanity  sticke  up,  to  the  view  and 
griefe  of  all  that  are  godly  wise.  The  devill  desires 
no  better  sport  then  to  see  light  heads  handle  their 
heels,  and  fetch  their  carreers  in  a  time,  when  the 
Roofe  of  Liberty  stands  open. 

The  next  perplexed  Question,  with  pious  and  pon 
derous  men,  will  be  :  What  should  bee  done  for  the 
healing  of  these  comfortlesse  exulcerations.  J  am  the 
unablest  adviser  of  a  thousand,  the  unworthiest  of 
<$en  thousand  ;  yet  J  hope  J  may  presume  to  assert 
what  follows  without  just  offence. 

First,  such  as  have  given  or  taken  any  unfriendly 
reports  of  us  Neiv-English,  should  do  well  to  recol 
lect  themselves.  We  have  beene  reputed  a  Colluvies 
of  wild  Opinionists,  swarmed  into  a  remote  wilder- 
nes  to  find  elbow-roome  for  our  phanatick  Doctrines 
and  practises :  J  trust  our  diligence  past,  and  constant 
sedulity  against  such  persons  and  courses,  will  plead 
better  things  for  us.  J  dare  take  upon  me,  to  bee  the 
Herauld  of  New-England  so  farre,  as  to  proclaims  to 
the  world,  in  the  name  of  our  Colony,  that  all  Fami- 
lists,  Antinomians,  Anabaptists,  and  other  Enthusiasts, 
shall  have  free  Liberty  to  keep  away  from  us,  and 
such  as  will  come  to  be  gone  as  fast  as  they  can,  the 
sooner  the  better. 

Secondly,  J  dare  averre,  that  God  doth  no  where 
in  his  word  tolerate  Christian  States,  to  give  Tolera 
tions  to  such  adversaries  of  his  Truth,  if  they  have 
power  in  their  hands  to  suppresse  them. 

Here  is  lately  brought  us  an  extract  of  a  Magna 
Charta,  so  called,  compiled  between  the  Sub-planters 


The  Simple  Cobler  of 


of  a  West-Indian  Island  j  whereof  the  first  Article  of 
constipulation.  firmely  provides  free  stable-room  and 
litter  for  all  kinde  of  consciences,  be  they  never  so 
dirty  or  jadish  ;  making  it  actionable,  yea,  treasona 
ble,  to  disturbe  any  man  in  his  Religion,  or  to  dis 
commend  it,  whatever  it  be.  Wee  are  very  sorry  to 
see  such  professed  profanenesse  in  English  Profes 
sors,  as  industriously  to  lay  their  Religious  Founda 
tions  on  the  mine  of  true  Religion  ;  which  strictly 
binds  every  conscience  to  contend  earnestly  for  the 
Truth  :  to  preserve  unity  of  spirit,  faith  and  Ordinan 
ces,  to  be  all  like-minded,  of  one  accord  ;  every  man 
to  take  his  brother  into  his  Christian  care :  to  stand 
fast  with  one  spirit,  with  one  mind,  striving  together 
for  the  faith  of  the  Gospel :  and  by  no  meanes  to  per 
mit  Heresies  or  erroneous  opinions  :  But  God  abhorring 
such  loathsome  beverages,  hath  in  his  righteous  judge 
ment  blasted  that  enterprize,  which  might  otherwise 
have  prospered  well,  for  ought  I  know  ;  I  presume 
their  case  is  generally  knowne  ere  this. 

If  the  devill  might  have  his  free  option,  I  believe 
he  would  ask  nothing  else,  but  liberty  to  enfranchize 
all  false  Religions,  and  to  embondage  the  true  ;  nor 
should  he  need  :  It  is  much  to  bee  feared,  that  laxe 
Tolerations  upon  State  pretences  and  planting  neces 
sities,  will  be  the  next  subtle  Stratagem  he  will  spread, 
to  distate  the  Truth  of  God  and  supplant-  the  peace  of 
the  Churches.  Tolerations  in  things  tolerable,  ex 
quisitely  drawn  out  by  the  lines  of  the  Scripture,  and 
pensill  of  the  Spirit,  are  the  sacred  favours  of  Truth, 
the  due  latitudes  of  Love,  the  faire  Compartiments  of 


AGGAVVAM  in  America. 


Christian  fraternity  :  but  irregular  dispensations,  dealt 
forth  by  the  facilities  of  men,  are  the  frontiers  of  er- 
rour,  the  redoubts  of  Schisnie,  the  perillous  irritaments 
of  carnall  and  spiritual!  enmity. 

My  heart  hath  naturally  detested  foure  things : 
The  standing  of  the  Apocrypha  in  the  Bible  ;  For- 
rainers  dwelling  in  my  Countrey,  to  crowd  our  native 
Subjects  into  the  corners  of  the  Earth  •  Alchymized 
coines  ;  Tolerations  of  divers  Religions,  .or  of  one 
Religion  in  segregant  shapes  :  He  that  willingly  as 
sents  to  the  last,  if  he  examines  his  heart  by  day-light, 
his  conscience  will  tell  him,  he  is  either  an  Atheist, 
or  an  Heretique,  or  an  Hypocrite,  or  at  best  a  captive 
to  some  lust  :  Poly-piety  is  the  greatest  impiety  in 
the  world.  True  Religion  is  Ignis  probalionis,  which 
doth  congregare  homogenea  fy  segregare  heterogenea. 

Not  to  tolerate  things  meerly  indifferent  to  weak 
consciences,  argues  a  conscience  too  strong :  pressed 
uniformity  in  these,  causes  much  disunity  :  To  tole 
rate  more  than  indifferents,  is  not.  to  deale  indifferent 
ly  with  God  ;  He  that  doth  it,  takes  his  Scepter  out 
of  his  hand,  and  bids  him  stand  by.  Who  hath  to 
doe  to  institute  Religion  but  God.  The  power  of  all 
Religion  and  Ordinances,  lies  in  their  purity  :  their  \ 
purity  in  their  simplicity  :  then  are  mixtures  perni 
cious.  J  lived  in  a  City,  where  a  Papist  preached  in 
one  Church,  a  Lutheran  in  another,  a  Calvinist  in  a 
third  ;  a  Lutheran  one  part  of  the  day,  a  Calvinist  the 
other,  in  the  same  Pulpit  :  the  Religion  of  that  place 
was  but  motly  and  meagre,  their  affections  Leopardlike. 

If  the  whole  Creature  should  conspire  to  doe  the 
3* 


The  Simple  Cobler  of 


Creator  a  mischiefe,  or  offer  him  an  insolency.  it 
would  be  in  nothing  more,  than  in  erecting  untruths 
against  his  Truth,  or  by  sophisticating  his  Truths 
with  humane  medleyes ;  the  removing  of  some  one 
iota  in  Scripture,  may  draw  out  all  the  life,  and  trav 
erse  all  the  Truth  of  the  whole  Bible  :  but  to  author 
ise  an  untruth,  by  a  Toleration  of  State,  is  to  build  a 
Sconce  against  the  walls  of  heaven,  to  batter  God  out 
of  his  Chajre  :  To  tell  a  practicall  lye,  is  a  great  sin, 
but  yet  transient  ;  but  to  set  up  a  Theoricall  untruth, 
is  to  warrant  every  lye  that  lies  from  its  root  to  the 
top  of  every  branch  it  hath,  which  are  not  a  few. 

J  would  willingly  hope  that  no  Member  of  the 
Parliament  hath  skilfully  ingratiated  himselfe  into  the 
hearts  of  the  House,  that  he  might  watch  a  time  to 
midwife  out  some  ungracious  Toleration  for  his  o.wn 
tu rue,  and  for  the  sake  of  that,  some  others.  J  would 
also  hope  that  a  word  of  generall  caution  should  not 
be  particularly  misapplied.  I  am  the  freer  to  suggest 
it,  because  I  know  not  one  man  of  that  mind,  my 
aiine  is  generall,  and  I  desire  may  be  so  accepted.  Yet 
good  Gentlemen,  looke  well  about  you,  and  remember 
how  Tiberius  plaid  the  Fox  with  the  Senate  of  Rome, 
and  how  Fabius  Maximns  cropt  his  ears  for  his  cun 
ning. 

That  State  is  wise,  that  will  improve  all  paines  and 
patience  rather  to  compose,  then  tolerate  differences  in 
Religion.  There  is  no  divine  Truth,  but  hath  much 
Celestial  fire  in  it  from  the  Spirit  of  Truth:  nor  no 
irreligious  untruth,  without  its  proportion  of  Antifire 
from  the  Spirit  of  Error  to  contradict  it  :  the  zeale  of 


AGGAVVAM  in  America. 


the  one,  the  virnlency  of  the  other,  must  necessarily 
kindle  Combustions.  Fiery  diseases  seated  in  the 
spirit,  embroile  the  whole  frame  of  the  body  :  others 
more  external  I  and  coole,  are  lesse  dangerous.  They 
which  divide  in  Religion  divide  in  God  ;  they  who 
divide  in  him,  divide  beyond  Genus  Generalissimum, 
where  there  is  no  reconciliation,  without  atonement ; 
that  is,  without  uniting  in  him,  who  is  One,  and  in 
his  Truth,  which  is  also  one. 

Wise  are  those  men  who  will  be  perswaded  rather 
to  live  within  the  pale  of  Truth  where  they  may  bee 
quiet,  than  in  the  purliev's,  where  they  are  sure  to  be 
hunted  '-'ever  and  anon,  doe  Authority  what  it  can. 
Every  singular  Opinion,  hath  a  singular  opinion  of  it 
self:  and  he  that  holds  it  a  singular  opinion  of  him 
self,  and  a  simple  opinion  of  all  contra-sentients :  he 
that  confutes  them,  must  confute  all  three  at  once,  or 
else  he  does  nothing ;  which  will  not  be  done  with 
out  more  stir  than  the  peace  of  the  State  or  Church 
can  i nd »re. 

And  prudent  are  those  Christians,  that  will  rather 
give  what  may  be  given,  then  hazzardall  by  yeelding 
nothing.  To  sell  all  peace  of  Country,  to  buy  some 
peace  of  Conscience  unseasonably,  is  more  avarice 
than  thrift,  imprudence  than  patience:  they  deale  not 
equally,  that  set  any  truth  of  God  at  such  a  rate  ;  but 
they  deale  wisely  that  will  stay  till  the  Market  is  fallen. 

My  prognosticks  deceive  me  not  a  little,  if  once 
within  three  seven  years,  peace  prove  riot  such  a  pen 
ny-worth  at  most  Marts  in  Christendome,  that  hee 
that  would  not  lay  down  his  money,  his  lust,  his  opin- 


8  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

ion,  his  will,  I  had  almost  said  the  best  flower  of  his 
Crown  for  it,  while  he  might  have  had  it ;  will  tell 
his  own  heart,  he  plaid  the  very  ill  husband. 

Concerning  Tolerations  I  may  further  assert. 

That  Persecution  of  True  Religion,  and  Toleration 
of  false,  are  the  Jannes  and  Jambres  to  the  Kingdorne 
of  Christ,  whereof  the  last  is  farre  the  worst.  Angus- 
tines  tongue  had  not  owed  his  mouth  one  penny-rent 
though  it  had  never  spake  one  word  more  in  it,  but 
this,  Nullum  malum  pejus  libertate  errandi. 

Frederick  Duke  of  Saxon,  spake  not  one  foote  be 
yond  the  mark  when  he  said.  He  had  rather  the  Earth 
should  swallow  him  up  quick,  then  he  should  give  a 
toleration  to  any  opinion  against  any  truth  of  God. 

He  that  is  willing  to  tolerate  any  Religion,  or  dis 
crepant  way  of  Religion,  besides  his  own,  unlesse  it 
be  in  matters  meerly  indifferent,  either  doubts  of  his 
own,  or  is  not  sincere  in  it. 

He  that  is  willing  to  tolerate  any  unsound  Opinion, 
that  his  own  may  also  be  tolerated,  though  never  so 
sound,  will  for  a  need  hang  Gods  Bible  at  the  Devils 
girdle. 

Every  Toleration  of  false  Religions3  or  Opinions 
hath  as  many  Errours  and  sins  in  it,  as  all  the  false 
Religions  and  Opinions  it  tolerates,  and  one  sound 
one  more. 

That  State  that  will  give  Liberty  of  Conscience  in 
matters  of  Religion,  must  give  Liberty  of  Conscience 
and  Conversation  in  their  Morall  Laws,  or  else  the 
Fiddle  will  be  out  of  tune,  and  some  of  the  strings 
cracke. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America. 


He  that  will  rather  make  an  irreligious  quarrell  with 
other  Religions,  then  try  the  truth  of  his  own  by  val 
uable  Arguments,  and  peaceable  Sufferings;  either  his 
Religion,  or  himselfe  is  irreligious. 

Experience  will  teach  Churches  and  Christians, 
that  it  is  farre  better  to  live  in  a  State  united,  though 
a  little  Corrupt,  then  in  a  State,  whereof  some  Part 
is  incorrupt,  and  all  the  rest  divided. 

I  am  not  altogether  ignorant  of  the  eight  Rules 
given  by  Orthodox  Divines  about  giving  Tolerations, 
yet  with  their  favour  I  dare  affirme, 

That  there  is  no  Rule  given  by  God  for  any  State 
to  give  an  Affirmative  Toleration  to  any  false  Relig 
ion,  or  Opinion  whatsoever ;  they  must  connive  in 
some  cases,  but  may  not  concede  in  any. 

That  the  State  of  England  (so  farre  as  my  Intelli 
gence  serves)  might  in  time  have  prevented  with  ease, 
and  may  yet  without  any  great  difficulty  deny  both 
Toleration,  and  irregular  Connivences,  salva  Repub- 
lica. 

That  if  the  State  of  England  shall  either  willingly 
Tolerate,  or  weakly  connive  at  such  Courses,  the 
Church  of  that  Kingdom  will  sooner  become  the  Dev- 
ills  Dancing-Schoole,  then  Gods-Temple;  The  Civill 
State  a  Beare-garden,  then  an  Exchange  :  The  whole 
Realme  a  Pais  base,  then  an  England.  And  what 
pity  it  is,  that  that  Country  which  hath  been  the  Sta 
ple  of  Truth  to  all  Christendome,  should  now  become 
the  Aviary  of  Errors  to  the  whole  World,  let  every 
fearing  heart  judge. 

I  take  Liberty  of  Conscience  to  bee  nothing  but  a 


10  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

freedome  from  sinne,  and  error.  Conscientia  in  tan- 
turn  liber  a,  in  quantum  ab  error  e  liber  ata.  And  lib 
erty  of  Error  nothing  but  a  Prison  for  Conscience. 
Then  small  will  bee  the  kindnesse  of  a  State  to  build 
such  Prisons  for  their  Subjects. 

The  Scripture  saith,  there  is  nothing  makes  free  but 
Truth,  and  Truth  saith,  there  is  no  Truth  but  One  : 
If  the  States  of  the  World -would  make  it  their  sum- 
operous  Care  to  preserve  this  One  Truth  in  its  purity 
and  Authority  it  would  ease  them  of  all  other  Politi 
cal  1  cares.  I  am  sure  Satan  makes  it  his  grand,  if  not 
onely  taske,  to  adulterate  Truth  ;  Falshood  is  his 
sole  Scepter,  whereby  he  first  ruffled,  and  ever  since 
mined  the  World. 

If  Truth  be  but  One,  me  thinks  all  the  Opinionists 
in  England  should  not  be  all  in  that  One  Truth,  some 
of  them  I  doubt  are  out.  He  that  can  extract  an 
unity  out  of  such  a  disparity,  or  contract  such  a  dis 
parity  into  an  unity ;  had  need  be  a  better  Artist,  then 
ever  was  Drebell. 

If  two  Centers  (as  we  may  suppose)  be  in  one  Cir 
cle,  and  lines  drawn  from  both  to  all  the  points  of  the 
Compasse,  they  will  certainly  crosse  one  another,  and 
probably  cut  through  the  Centers  themselves. 

There  is  talke  of  an  universall  Toleration,  I  would 
talke  as  loud  as  I  could  against  it,  did  J  know  what 
more  apt  and  reasonable  Sacrifice  England  could  of 
fer  to  God  for  his  late  performing  all  his  heavenly 
Truths,  then  an  universall  Toleration  of  all  hellish  Er 
rors,  or  how  they  shall  make  an  universall  Reforma 
tion,  but  by  making  Christs  Academy  the  Devils  Uni- 


AGGAVVAM  in  America. 


11 


versity,  where  any  man  may  commence  Heretiqne 
per  saltu'tn ;  where  he  that  is  filius  Diabolicus,  or 
simpliciter  pessimus,  may  have  his  grace  to  goe  to 
hell  cum  Publico  Privilegio  ;  and  carry  as  many  after 
him,  as  he  can. 

Religio  docenda  est,  non  coercenda  is  a  pretty  piece 
of  album  Latinum  for  some  kinde  of  throats  that  are 
willingly  sore,  but  Haresis  dedocenda  est  non  permit- 
tenda,  will  be  found  a  farre  better  Diamoron  for  the 
Gargarismes  this  Age  wants,  if  timely  and  throughly 
applyed. 

If  there  be  roome  in  England  for 


Familists              (                         f  Manes 

Libertines 

Lemures 

Erastians 

Dryadcs 

Antitrinitarians 

Horn  adryades 

Anabaptists 

Potamides 

Antiscripturists 

Naiades 

Armenians 

Hinnidcs 

Man  ifestarians 

Pierides 

MUUnaries 

^   then  room    »  Nereides 

Antinomians 

for           f  Pales 

Sodnians 

Anonidcs 

Arrians 

Parcades 

Perfectists 

Castalides 

Brownixt** 

Monides 

Religious 

Mortaliam 

Char  it  es 

Men  but 

Seekers 

Good    Spir 

Heliconidcs 

pernicious 

Enthusiasts 

its,  but  very 

Peg-asides 

Heretiques 

4*c.               J  Devils.            [_          fyc. 

Jn  a  word  room  for  Hell  above  ground. 

*  By  Brownists  I  moan  not  Independents,  but  dew-clavvd  Sepe- 
ratists  :  farre  be  it  from  me  to  wrong  godly  Independents.  I  truely 
acknowledge  that  I  judge  my  self  neither  able  nor  worthy  to  honour 
some  of  them  as  they  deserve. 


12  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

It  is  said.  Though  a  man  have  light  enough  him- 
selfe  to  see  the  Truth,  yet  if  he  hath  not  enough  to 
enlighten  others,  he  is  bound  to  tolerate  them,  I  will 
engage  my  self,  that  all  the  Devills  in  Britanie  shall 
sell  themselves  to  their  shirts,  to  purchase  a  Lease  of 
this  Position  for  three  of  their  Lives,  under  the  Scale 
of  the  Parliament. 

It  is  said,  That  Men  ought  to  have  Liberty  of  their 
Conscience,  and  that  it  is  Persecution  to  debarre  them 
of  it :  I  can  rather  stand  amazed  then  reply  to  this  : 
it  is  an  astonishment  to  think  that  the  braines  of  men 
should  be  parboyl'd  in  such  impious  ignorance  ;  Let 
all  the  wits  under  the  Heavens  lay  their  heads  togeth 
er  and  finde  an  Assertion  worse  than  this  (one  except- 
ed  )  I  will  Petition  to  be  chosen  the  universal  Ideot  of 
the  world. 

It  is  said,  That  Civill  Magistrates  ought  not  to  med 
dle  with  Ecclesiasticall  matters. 

I  would  answer  to  this  so  well  as  I  could,  did  I  not 
know  that  some  Papers  lately  brought  out  of  New- 
England)  are  going  to  the  Presse,  wherein  the  Opin 
ions  of  the  Elders  there  in  a  late  Synod,  concerning 
this  point  are  manifested,  which  I  suppose  will  give 
clearer  satisfaction  then  I  can. 

The  true  English  of  all  this  their  false  Latine,  is  noth 
ing  but  a  generall  Toleration  of  all  Opinions ;  which 
motion  if  it  be  like  to  take,  it  were  very  requisite, 
that  the  City  would  repaire  Pauls  with  all  the  speed 
they  can,  for  an  English  Pantheon,  and  bestow  it 
upon  the  Sectaries,  freely  to  assemble  in,  then  there 
may  be  some  hope  that  London  will  be  quiet  in  time. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  13 

But  why  dwell  J  so  intolerable  long  about  Tolera 
tions,  J  hope  my  feares  are  but  panick,  against  which 
I  have  a  double  cordiall.  First,  that  the  Parliament 
will  not  though  they  could  :  Secondly,  that  they  can 
not  though  they  would  grant  such  Tolerations.  God 
who  hath  so  honoured  them  with  eminent  wisdome 
in  all  other  things,  will  not  suffer  them  to  cast  both 
his,  and  their  Honour  in  the  dust  of  perpetuall  Infamy, 
doe  what  they  can;  nor  shall  those  who  have  spent 
so  great  a  part  of  their  substance  in  redeeming  their 
Civill  Liberties  from  Usurpation,  lose  all  that  remaines 
in  enthralling  their  spiritual!  Liberty  by  Toleration. 

It  is  said  Opinionists  are  many,  and  strong,  that  de 
sunt  Vires,  that  it  is  turbata  respublica,  I  am  very 
sorry  for  it,  but  more  sorry,  if  despondency  of  mi  tide 
shall  cause  the  least  tergiversation  in  Gods  Worthies, 
who  have  receiv'd  such  pledges  of  his  presence  in 
their  late  Counsels,  and  Conflicts.  It  is  not  thousands 
of  Opinionists  that  can  pinion  his  Everlasting  armes,  I 
can  hardly  beleeve  there  is  a  greater  unbeleever  then 
my  Selfe,  yet  I  can  verily  beleeve  that  the  God  of 
Truth  will  in  a  short  time  scatter  them  all  like  smoake 
before  the  wind.  I  confesse  I  am  troubled  to  see  Men 
so  over-troubled  about  them  ;  I  am  rather  glad  to 
heare  the  Devill  is  breaking  up  house  in  England,  and 
removing  somewhither  else,  give  him  leave  to  sell  all 
his  rags,  and  odde-ends  by  the  out-cry ;  and  let  his 
petty  Chapmen  make  their  Market  while  they  may, 
upon  my  poore  credit  it  will  not  last  long.  Hee  that 
hath  done  so  much  for  England  will  go  on  to  per 
fect  his  owne  praise,  and  his  Peoples  Peace :  let  good 
4 


14  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

men  stand  still,  and  behold  his  further  Salvation.  He 
that  sitteth  in  the  Heavens  laughs  at  them,  the  most 
High  hath  them  in  Derision,  and  their  folly  shall  cer 
tainly  be  manifested  to  all  men. 

Yet  I  dare  not  but  adde,  and  in  the  Name  of  God 
will  adde,  that  if  any  Publique  members  of  Church  or 
State,  have  been  either  open  fautors,  or  private  abetters 
of  any  blasphemous,  contagious  Opinions ;  It  will  be 
their  wisdome  to  proportion  their  repentance  to  their 
Sin,  before  God  makes  them  Publique  monuments  of 
Ignominie,  and  Apostasie. 

Thirdly,  That  all  Christian  States,  ought  to  disa 
vow  and  decry  all  such  Errours,  by  some  peremptory 
Statutary  Act,  and  that  in  time,  that  Subjects  know 
ing  fully  the  minde  of  the  State,  might  not  delude 
themselves  with  vaine  hopes  of  unsufferable  Liberties. 
It  is  lesse  to  say  Statuatur  veritas,  mat  Regnum,  than 
Fiat  justitia,  mat  CoBlum ;  but  there  is  no  such  dan 
ger  in  either  of  them.  Feare  nothing  Gentlemen, 
Rubiconem  transiistis,  jacta  est  alea,  ye  have  turned 
the  Devill  out  of  doores  ;  fling  all  his  old  parrell  after 
him  out  at  the  windows,  lest  he  makes  an  errand  for 
it  againe.  Quce  relinquuntur  in  morbis  post  indica- 
tionem,  recidivas  facer e  consuevere.  Christ  would  have 
his  Church  without  spot  or  wrinckle ;  They  that  help 
make  it  so,  shall  lose  neither  honour  nor  labour  :  If 
yee  be  wise,  suffer  no  more  thorns  in  his  sides  or  your 
owne.  When  God  kindles  such  fires  as  these,  hee 
doth  not  usually  quench  them,  till  the  very  scum  on 
the  pot  sides  be  boyled  cleane  away,  Ezek.  24.  10, 
11.  Yee  were  better  to  doe  it  your  selves,  then  leave 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  15 

it  to  him  :  the  Anne  of  the  Lord  is  mighty,  his  hand 
very  heavy ;  who  can  dwell  with  his  devouring  fire, 
and  long  lasting  burnings  ? 

Fourthly,  to  make  speedy  provision  against  Ob 
stinates  and  disseminaries  :  where  under  favour,  two 
things  will  be  found  requisite.  First,  variety  of  pe- 
naltyes,  I  meane  certaine,  not  indefinite  :  I  am  a  Crab- 
bat  against  Arbitrary  Government.  Experience  hath 
taught  us  here,  that  politicall,  domesticall,  and  person- 
all  respects,  will  not  admit  one  and  the  same  remedy 
for  all,  without  sad  inconveniences.  Secondly,  just 
severity:  persecution  hath  ever  spread  Truth,  prose 
cution  scattered  Errour  :  Ten  of  the  most  Christian 
Emperors,  found  that  way  best ;  Schollarsknow  whom 
J  meane  :  Five  of  the  ancient  Fathers  perswaded  to  it, 
of  whom  Augustine  was  one,  who  for  a  time  argued 
hard  for  indulgency  :  but  upon  conference  with  other 
prudent  Bishops,  altered  his  judgement,  as  appears  in 
three  of  his  Epistles,  to  Marcellinus,  Donatus,  and 
Boniface.  J  would  be  understood,  not  onely  an  Al- 
lower,  but  an  humble  Petitioner,  that  ignorant  and 
tender  conscienced  Anabaptists  may  have  due  time 
and  means  of  conviction. 

Fifthly,  That  every  Prophet,  to  whom  God  hath 
given  the  tongue  of  the  learned,  should  teach,  and 
every  Angel  who  hath  a  pen  and  inkehorne  by  his 
side  write  against  these  grieving  extravagancies : 
writing  of  many  books,  I  grant  is  irkesome,  reading 
endlesse.  A  reasonable  man  would  thinke  Divines 
had  declaimed  sufficiently  upon  these  Themes.  I  have 
ever  thought  the  Rule  given,  Titus  3.  10.  which  cuts 


16  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

the  work  short  and  sharpe  to  be  more  properly  preva 
lent,  then  wearisome  waiting  upon  unweariable  Spir 
its.  It  is  a  most  toylsome  taske  to  run  the  wild-goose 
chase  after  a  well-brealh'd  Opinionist  :  they  delight 
in  vitilitigation  :  it  is  an  itch  that  loves  a  life  to  be 
scrub'd  :  they  desire  not  satisfaction,  but  satisdiction, 
whereof  themselves  must  be  judges :  yet  in  new  erup 
tions  of  Error  with  new  objections,  silence  is  sinfull. 
As  for  my  selfe,  I  am  none  of  the  disputers  of  this 
world  :  all  I  can  doe,  is  to  guesse  when  men  speake 
true  or  false  divinity  :  if  I  can  but  finde  the  parentall 
roote,  or  formall  reason  of  a  Truth,  I  am  quiet  ;  if  J 
cannot,  I  shore  up  my  slender  judgement  as  long  as 
I  can,  with  two  or  three  the  handsomest  props  I  can 
get :  J  shall  therefore  leave  Arguments  to  acuter 
heads,  and  onely  speak  a  word  of  Love,  with  all 
Christian  respect  to  our  deare  Brethren  in  England, 
which  are  against  baptizing  of  Infants  :  I  intreate  them 
to  consider  these  few  things  seriously  and  meekly. 
First,  what  a  high  pitch  of  boldnesse  it  is  for  man  to 
cut  a  principal!  Ordinance  out  of  the  Kingdome  of  God  ; 
if  it  be  but  to  make  a  dislocation,  which  so  far  dis- 
goods  the  Ordinance,  J  feare  it  altogether  unhallows 
it,  to  transplace  or  transtime  a  stated  Institution  of 
Christ,  without  his  direction,  J  thinke,  is  to  destroy 
it.  Secondly,  what  a  Cruelty  it  is  to  devest  children 
of  that  onely  externall  priviledge  which  their  heavenly 
Father  hath  bequeathed  them,  to  interest  them  visibly 
in  Himselfe,  His  Son,  His  Spirit,-  His  Covenant  of 
Grace,  and  the  tender  bosome  of  their  carefull  Mother 
the  Church.  Thirdly,  what  an  Inhumanity  it  is,  to 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  17 

deprive  Parents  of  that  comfort  they  may  take  from 
the  baptisme  of  their  Infants  dying  in  their  Childehood. 
Fourthly,  How  unseasonable  and  unkindely  it  is,  to 
interturbe  the  State  and  Church  with  these  Amalekit- 
ish  onsets,  when  they  are  in  their  extreame  pangs  of 
travell  with  their  lives.  Fifthly,  to  take  a  through 
view  of  those  who  have  preambled  this  by  path. 
Being  sometimes  in  the  Crowds  of  foraigne  Wederdo- 
pers,  that  is,  Anabaptists  ;  and  prying  into  their  inward 
frames  with  the  best  eyes  I  had  ;  I  could  not  but  ob 
serve  these  disguised  guises  in  the  generality  of  them. 

First,  a  flat  formality  of  Spirit  without  salt  or  sa 
vour  in  the  spiritualties  of  Christ,  as  if  their  Religion 
began  and  ended  in  their  Opinion.  Secondly,  a  shal 
low  slighting  of  such  as  dissent  from  them,  appearing 
too  often  in  their  faces,  speeches  and  carriages.  Third 
ly,  a  feeble,  yet  peremptory  obstinacy ;  seldome  are 
any  of  them  reclaimed.  Fourthly,  a  shamefull  sliding 
into  other  such  tarpauling  tenets,  to  keep  themselves 
dry  from  the  showers  of  Justice,  as  a  rationall  minde 
would  never  entertain,  if  it  were  not  Errour-blasted 
from  Heaven  and  Hell :  I  should  as  shrewdly  suspect 
that  Opinion,  that  will  cordially  corrive  with  two  or 
three  sottish  errours,  as  that  faith  that  can  professedly 
live  with  two  or  three  sordid  sins.  J  dare  not  feare 
our  godly  Brethren  in  England  to  be  yetcomming  to 
this  passe  ;  how  soon  they  may,  themselves  know  not, 
the  times  are  slippery :  They  will  undoubtedly  finde 
God  as  jealous  of  his  Ordinances,  as  themselves  are 
zealous  of  their  Opinions. 

Sixthly,  That  Authority  ought  to  see  their  Sub- 
4* 


18  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

jects  children  baptized,  though  their  Parents  judge 
ments  he  against  it,  if  there  be  no  other  Evangelicall 
barre  in  the  way. 

Seventhly,  That  prudent  men,  especially  young, 
should  doe  well  not  to  ingage  themselves  in  conference 
with  Errorists,  without  a  good  calling  and  great  cau 
tion  •  their  breath  is  contagious,  their  leprey  spreading  : 
receive  not  him  that  is  weak,  saith  the  Apostle,  to 
doubtfull  disputations ;  much  lesse  may  they  run 
themselves  into  dangerous  Sophistications.  He  usually 
hears  best  in  their  meetings,  that  stops  his  eares  clos 
est  ;  he  opens  his  mouth  to  best  purpose,  that  keeps  it 
shut,  and  he  doeth  best  of  all,  that  declines  their  com 
pany  as  wisely  as  he  may. 

Brethren,  have  an  extraordinary  care  also  of  the 
late  Theosophers,  that  teach  men  to  climbe  to  Heaven 
upon  a  ladder  of  lying  figments.  Rather  than  the 
Devill  will  lose  his  game,  he  will  out-shoot  Christ  in 
his  owne  bow;  he  will  out-law  the  Law,  quite  out  of 
the  word  and  world  :  over-Gospell  the  Gospell,  and 
quidanye  Christ,  with  Sugar  and  Rats-bane.  Hee 
was  Professour  not  long  since  at  Schelstat  in  Alsatia. 
where  he  learned  that  no  poyson  is  so  deadly  as  the 
poyson  of  Grace. 

The  wisest  way,  when  all  is  said,  is  with  all  humil 
ity  and  feare,  to  take  Christ  as  himselfe  hath  revealed 
himselfe  in  his  Gospel,  and  not  as  the  Devill  presents 
him  to  prestigiated  phansies.  I  have  ever  hated  the 
way  of  the  Rosie-Crucians,  who  reject  things  as  Gods 
wisedome  hath  tempered  them,  and  will  have  nothing 
but  their  Spirits.  If  I  were  to  give  physick  to  Spryts. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  19 

I  would  doe  so  too :  but  when  1  want  physick  for  my 
body,  I  would  not  have  my  soule  tartared :  nor  my 
Animal]  Spirits  purged  any  way,  but  by  my  Naturall, 
and  those  by  my  bodily  humours,  and  those  by  such 
Ordinaries,  as  have  the  nearest  vicinage  to  them,  and 
not  by  Metaphysical!  Limbeckings.  I  cannot  thinke 
that  materia  prima  or  secunda,  should  be  good  for 
me,  that  am  at  least,  Materia  millessima  se.rcentesima 
quadragesima  quinta. 

Here  I  hold  my  selfe  bound  to  set  up  a  Beacon,  to 
give  warning  of  a  new-sprung  Sect  of  Phrantasticks, 
which  would  perswade  themselves  and  others,  that 
they  have  discovered  the  Nor-west  passage  to  Heav 
en.  These  wits  of  the  game,  cry  up  and  downe  in 
corners  such  bold  ignotions  of  a  new  Gospell,  new 
Christ,  new  Faith,  and  new  gay-nothings,  as  trouble 
unsetled  heads,  querulous  hearts,  and  not  a  little 
grieve  the  Spirit  of  God.  I  desire  all  good  men  may 
be  saved  from  their  Lunatick  Creed,  by  Infidelity  ;  and 
rather  beleeve  these  torrid  overtures  will  prove  in 
time,  nothing  but  horrid  raptures  downe  to  the  lowest 
hell,  from  which  he  that  would  be  delivered,  let  him 
avoid  these  blasphemers,  a  late  fry  of  croaking  Frogs, 
not  to  be  indured  in  a  Religious  State,  no,  if  it  were 
possible,  not  an  houre. 

As  some  are  playing  young  Spaniels,  questing  at 
every  bird  that  rises ;  so  others,  held  very  good  men, 
are  at  a  dead  stand,  not  knowing  what  to  doe  or  say  ; 
and  are  therefore  called  Seekers,  looking  for  new 
Nuntio's  from  Christ,  to  assoile  these  benighted  ques 
tions,  and  to  give  new  Orders  for  new  Churches.  I 


20  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

crave  leave  with  all  respect  to  tell  them,  that  if  they 
looke  into  Act.  20.  20.  25.  Gal.  1.  8.  9.  1,  Tim.  6. 
13.  16.  and  find  them  not  there;  they  may  happily 
seeke  as  the  young  Prophets  did  for  E Hall's  corps, 
where  it  never  was,  nor  ever  will  be  found. 

I  cannot  imagine  why  the  Holy  Ghost  should  give 
Timothy  the  solemnest  charge,  was  ever  given  mor- 
tall  man,  to  observe  the  Rules  he  had  given,  till  the 
comming  of  Christ,  if  new  things  must  be  expected. 

Woe  be  to  them,  whoever  they  be,  that  so  trouble 
the  wayes  of  God  that  they  who  have  found  the  way 
to  Heaven,  cannot  find  the  way  to  Church  :  And  woe 
be  to  them,  that  so  gaze  at  the  glorious  light,  they  say, 
will  breake  forth  in  the  thousand  yeares  to  come,  that 
they  make  little  of  the  gracious  Truth  that  hath  been 
revealed  these  sixteen  hundred  years  past.  And  woe 
be  to  them  that  so  under-value  the  first  Master-Build- 
ers,  I  mean  the  Apostles  of  Christ,  that  unlesse  he 
sends  wiser  than  they,  He  must  be  accounted  lesse 
faithfull  in  his  house  than  Moses  was. 

I  have  cause  enough  to  be  as  charitable  to  others 
as  any  man  living  ;  yet  I  cannot  but  feare,  that  those 
men  never  Moored  their  Anchors  well  in  the  firme 
soile  of  Heaven,  that  are  weather- waft  up  arid  down 
with  every  eddy-wind  of  every  new  doctrine.  The 
good  Spirit  of  God  doth  not  usually  tie  up  the  Helme, 
and  sulfer  passengers  to  Heaven  to  ride  a  drift,  hither 
and  thither,  as  every  wave  and  current  carries  them  : 
that  is  a  fitter  course  for  such  as  the  Apostle  calls 
wandring  Starres  and  Meteors,  without  any  certaine 
motion,  hurryed  about  with  tempests,  bred  of  the  Ex- 


AGGAVVAM  in  America. 


halations  of  their  own  pride  and  self-wittednesse  : 
whose  damnation  sleepeth  not,  and  to  whom  the  mist 
of  darknesse  is  reserved  for  ever,  that  they  may  suf 
fer  irreparable  shipwrack  upon  the  Sands  and  Rocks 
of  their  owne  Errours,  being  of  old  ordained  to  con 
demnation. 

Eightly,  let  all  considerate  men  beware  of  unground 
ed  opinions  in  Religion :  Since  I  knew  what  to  feare, 
my  timerous  heart  hath  dreaded  three  things  :  a  blaz 
ing  starre  appearing  in  the  aire :  a  State  Comet,  I 
mean  a  favourite  rising  in  a  Kingdome,  a  new  Opin 
ion  spreading  in  Religion:  these  are  Exorbitancies : 
which  is  a  formidable  word:  a  vacuum  and  an  exor 
bitancy,  are  mundicidious  evils.  Concerning  Novelties 
of  opinions ;  I  shall  expresse  my  thoughts  in  these 
briefe  passages.  First,  that  Truth  is  the  best  boone 
God  ever  gave  the  world  :  there  is  nothing  in  the 
world,  world,  any  further  then  Truth  makes  it  so  ;  it 
is  better  then  any  creat'  Ens  or  Bonum,  which  are  but 
Truths  twins.  Secondly,  the  least  Truth  of  Gods 
Kingdome,  doth  in  its  place,  uphold  the  whole  king- 
dome  of  his  Truths ;  Take  away  the  least  vericiilum 
aut  of  the  world,  and  it  unworlds  all,  potentially,  and 
may  unravell  the  whole  texture  actually,  if  it  be  not 
conserved  by  an  Arme  of  superiordinary  power.  Third 
ly,  the  least  Evangelicall  Truth  is  more  worth  than 
all  the  Civil  Truths  in  the  world,  that  are  rneerly  so. 
Fourthly,  that  Truth  is  the  Parent  of  all  Liberty 
whether  politicall  or  personall  ;  so  much  untruth,  so 
much  thraldome,  John  8.  32. 

Hence  it  is,  that  God  is  so  jealous  of  his  Truths,  that 


22  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

he  hath  taken  order  in  his  due  justice  :  First,  that  no 
practicall  sin  is  so  sinfull  as  some  errour  in  judgement ; 
no  men  so  accursed  with  indelible  infamie  and  dedo- 
lent  impenitency,  as  Authours  of  Heresie.  Second 
ly,  that  the  least  Error,  if  grown  sturdy  and  pressed, 
shall  set  open  the  Spittle-doore  of  all  the  squint  ey'd, 
wry-necked,  and  brazen-faced  Errors  that  are  or  ever 
were  of  that  litter ;  if  they  be  not  enough  to  serve  its 
turne,  it  will  beget  more,  though  it  hath  not  one  crust 
of  reason  to  maintain  them.  Thirdly,  that  that  State 
which  will  permit  Errors  in  Religion,  shall  admit  Er 
rors  in  policy  unavoyably.  Fourthly,  that  that  Poli 
cy  which  will  suffer  irreligious  Errors,  shall  suffer  the 
losse  of  so  much  Liberty  in  one  kind  or  other,  I  will 
not  exempt  Venice,  Rhaguse,  the  Cantons,  the  Neth 
er-lands,  or  any. 

An  easie  head  may  soon  demonstrate,  that  the  pre- 
mentioned  Planters,  by  Tolerating  all  Religions,  had 
immazed  themselves  in  the  most  intolerable  confu 
sions  and  inextricable  thraldomes  the  world  ever  heard 
of.  I  am  perswaded  the  Devill  himselfe  was  never 
willing  with  their  proceedings,  for  feare  it  would 
breake  his  wind  and  wits  to  attend  such  a  Province. 
I  speak  it  seriously  according  to  my  meaning.  How 
all  Religions  should  enjoy  their  Liberty,  Justice  its 
due  regularity,  Civill  cohabitation  morall  honesty,  in 
one  and  the  same  Jurisdiction,  is  beyond  the  Artique 
of  my  comprehension.  If  the  whole  conclave  of  Hell 
can  so  compromise,  exadverse,  and  diametricall  con 
tradictions,  as  to  compolitize  such  a  multirnonstrous 
inaufrey  of  heteroclytes  and  quicquidlibets  quietly  ; 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  23 

\ 


I  trust  I  may  say  with  all  humble  reverence,  they  can 
doe  more  then  the  Senate  of  Heaven.  My  modus  lo- 
quendi  pardoned:  I  intirely  wish  much  welfare  and 
more  wisdom  to  that  Plantation. 

It  is  greatly  to  be  lamented,  to  observe  the  wanton 
fearlessnesse  of  this  Age,  especially  of  younger  pro 
fessors,  to  greet  new  opinions  and  Opinionists  :  as  if 
former  truths  were  grown  superannuate,  and  saplesse, 
if  not  altogether  antiquate.  Non  senescet  veritas.  No 
man  ever  saw  a  gray  haire  on  the  head  or  beard  of  any 
Truth,  wrinckle,  or  rnorphew  on  its  face  :  The  bed 
of  Truth  is  green  all  the  yeare  long.  Hee  that  cannot 
solace  himselfe  with  any  saving  truth,  as  affectionate 
ly  as  at  the  first  acquaintance  with  it,  hath  not  only 
a  fastidious,  but  an  adulterous  heart. 

If  all  be  true  we  heare,  Never  was  any  People  un 
der  the  Sun,  so  sick  of  new  Opinions  as  English-men 
nor  of  new  fashions  as  English-women  :  If  God  helpe 
not  the  one,  and  the  devill  leave  not  helping  the  oth 
er,  a  blind  man  may  easily  foresee  what  will  become 
of  both.  I  have  spoken  what  I  intend  for  the  present 
to  men ;  I  shall  speak  a  word  to  the  women  anon : 
in  the  mean  time  I  intreat  them  to  prepare  patience. 

Ninthly,  that  godly  humble  Christians  ought  not 
to  wonder  impatiently  at  the  wonderfull  workes  of 
God  in  these  times  :  it  is  full  Season  for  him  to  work 
Soveraign  worke,  to  vindicate  his  Soveraignty,  that 
men  may  feare  before  him.  States  are  unstated,  Ru 
lers  growne  Over-rulers,  Subjects  worse  then  men, 
Churches  decayed.  Tofts,  Professors ,  empty  casks 
filled  with  unholy  humours  ;  I  speake  not  of  all,  but 


24  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

too  many;  I  condemrie  not  the  generation  of  the  just : 
God  hath  his  remnant,  whom  he  will  carefully  pre 
serve.  If  it  bee  time  for  men  to  take  up  Defensive 
Armes  against  such  as  are  called  Gods,  upon  the  point 
of  Salus  populi,  it  is  high  time  for  him  that  is  God 
indeed,  to  draw  his  Sword  against  wormes  and  no 
men,  upon  the  point  of  Majestas  imperil:  The  pierc 
ing  of  his  Sword  shall  discover  the  thoughts  of  many 
hearts. 

Lastly,-  I  dare  averre,  that  it  ill  becomes  Christians 
any  thing  well-shod  with  the  preparation  of  the  Gos 
pel,  to  meditate  flight  from  their  deare  Countrey  upon 
these  disturbances.  Stand  your  ground  ye  Eleazars 
and  Shammahs,  stir  not  a  foot  so  long  as  you  have 
halfe  a  foot  of  ground  to  stand  upon :  after  one  or 
two  such  Worthies,  a  great  Victory  may  be  regain 
ed,  and  flying  Israel  may  returne  to  a  rich  spoile. 
Englishmen,  be  advised  to  love  England,  with  your 
hearts  and  to  preserve  it  by  your  Prayers.  I  am  bold 
to  say  that  since  the  pure  Primitive  time,  the  Gospel 
never  thrived  so  well  in  any  soile  on  earth,  as  in  the 
British  ;  nor  is  the  like  goodnesse  of  nature,  or  Cor- 
nucopian  plenty  else-where  to  be  found  :  if  ye  lose 
that  Country,  and  finde  a  better  before  ye  come  to 
Heaven,  my  Cosmography  failes  me.  I  am  farre 
from  discouraging  any,  whom  necessity  of  Conscience 
or  condition  thrusts  out  by  head  and  shoulders : 
if  God  calls  any  into  a  Wildernesse,  Hee  will  be  no 
wildernesse  to  them,  Jer.  2.  31.  witnesse  his  large  be 
neficence  to  us  here  beyond  expectation. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  25 

Ye  say,  why  come  not  we  over  to  help  the  Lord 
against  the  Mighty,  in  these  Sacred  battailes? 

I  answer,  many  here  are  diligently  observing  the 
counsell  of  the  same  Prophet,  22.  10.  Weepe  not  for 
him  that  is  dead,  neither  bemoan  him- ;  but  weep  for 
him  that  is  gone  away  and  shall  returne  no  more  to 
see  his  Native  Country.  Divers  make  it  an  Article 
of  our  American  Creed,  which  a  celebrate  Divine  of 
England  hath  observed  upon  Heb.  1 1.  9.  That  no 
man  ought  to  forsake  his  owne  countrey,  but  upon  ex 
traordinary  cause,  and  when  that  cause  ceaseth,  he  is 
bound  in  conscience  to  returne  if  he  can  :  We  are  look 
ing  to  him  who  hath  our  hopes  and  seasons  in  his 
onely  wise  hand. 

In  the  mean  time  wre  desire  to  bow  our  knees  be 
fore  the  Throne  of  Grace  day  and  night,  that  the  Lord 
would  be  pleased  in  his  tender  mercy  to,  still  the  sad 
unquietnesse  and  per-peracute  contentions,  of  that 
most  comfortable  and  renowned  island,  that  at  length 
He  may  have  praise  in  his  Churches,  and  his  Church 
es  peace  in  him,  through  Jesus  Christ. 

SHould  I  not    keepe  promise  in  speaking  a  little 
to  Womens  fashions,  they  would  take  it  unkind 
ly:    I  was   loath   to  pester   better   matter   with   such 
stuffe  ;  I  rather  thought  it  meet  to  let  them  stand  by 
themselves,  like   the   Qua  Genus  in  the   Grammar, 
being  Deficients,  or  Redundants,  not  to  be  brought 
under  any  Rule  :  I  shall  therefore  make  bold  for  this 
once,  to  borrow  a  little  of  their  loose  tongued  Liber 
ty,  and  mispend  a  word  or  two  upon  their  long-wast- 
5 


26  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

ed,  but  short-skirted   patience :    a  little   use  of  my 
stirrup  will  doe  no  harme. 

Ridentem  dicer e  verum,  quid  prohibet  ? 

Gray  Gravity  it  selfe  can  well  bcteam, 
That  Language  be  adapted  to  the  Theme. 
He  that  to  Parrots  speaks,  must  parrotize  : 
He  that  instructs  a  foole,  may  act  tlij  unwise. 

It  is  known  more  then  enough,  that  I  am  neither 
Nigard,  nor  Cinick,  to  the  due  bravery  of  the  true 
Gentry  :  if  any  man  mislikes  a  bully  mong  drossock 
more:  then- 1,  let  him  take  her  for  his  labour  :  I  honour 
the  woman  that  can  honour  her  selfe  with  her  attire  : 
a  good  Text  alwayes  deserves  a  fair  Marge nt :  I  am 
not  much  offended  if  I  see  a  trimme,  far  trimmer  than 
she  that  wears  it :  in  a  word,  whatever  Christianity  or 
Civility  will  allow,  I  can  afford  with  London  mea 
sure  :  but  when  I  heare  a  nugiperons  Gentledame  in 
quire  what  dresse  the  Queen  is  in  this  week  :  what  the 
nudiustertian  fashion  of  the  Court ;  I  meane  the  very 
newest :  with  egge  to  be  in  it  in  all  haste,  what  ever 
it  be  ;  I  look  at  her  as  the  very  gizzard  of  a  trifle,  the 
product  of  a  quarter  of  a  cypher,  the  epitome  of  noth 
ing,  fitter  to  be  kickt,  if  shee  were  of  a  kickable  sub 
stance,  than  either  honour'd  or  humour'd. 

To  speak  moderately,  I  truly  confesse,  it  is  be 
yond  the  ken  of  my  understanding  to  conceive,  how 
those  women  should  have  any  true  grace,  or  valuable 
kle  vertue,  that  have  so  little  wit,  as  to  disfigure 
themselves  with  such  exotick  garbes,  as  not  only  dis 
mantles  their  native  lovely  lustre,  but  transclouts 


•4  LI  FOB.., - 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  27 

them  into  gant  bar-geese,  ill-shapen-shotten-shell-fish, 
Egyptian  Hyeroglyphicks,  or  at  the  best  into  French 
flurts  of  the  pastery,  which  a  proper  English  woman 
should  scorne  with  her  heels  :  it  is  no  marvel!  they 
weare  drailes  on  the  hinder  part  of  their  heads,  hav 
ing  nothing  as  it  seems  in  the  fore-part^ut  a  few 
Squirrils  brains  to  help  them  frisk  frornifl-favor'd 
fashion  to  another. 

These  whimm'  Crown' d  shces,  these  fashion-fansy  ing  wits, 
Are  empty  thin  brain' d  shells,  and  Jiddling  Kits. 

The  very  troublers  and  impoverishes  of  mankind, 
I  can  hardly  forbear  to  commend  to  the  world  a  say 
ing  of  a  Lady  living  sometime  with  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia,  I  know  not  where  shee  found  it,  but  it  is 
pitty  it  should  be  lost. 

The  World  is  full  of  care,  much  like  unto  a  bubble  ; 
Women  and  care,  and  care  and  women,  and  women  and  care, 

(  and  trouble. 

The  Verses  are  even  enough  for  such  odde  peg- 
ma's.  I  can  make  my  selfe  sicke  at  any  time,  with 
comparing  the  dazling  splender  wherewith  our  Gen 
tlewomen  were  embellished  in  some  former  habits, 
with  the  gut-foundred  goosdom,  wherewith  they  are 
now  surcingled  and  debauched.  Wee  have  about  five 
or  six  of  them  in  our  Colony  :  if  I  see  any  of  them 
accidentally,  I  cannot  cleanse  my  phansie  of  them  for 
a  moneth  after.  I  have  been  a  solitary  widdower  al 
most  twelve  yeares,  purposed  lately  to  make  a  step 
over  to  my  Native  Country  for  a  yoke-fellow:  but 


28  The  Simple  Cobler  of 


when  I  consider  how  women  there  have  tripe- wifed 
themselves  with  their  cladments,  I  have  no  heart  to 
the  voyage,  least  their  nauseous  shapes  and  the  Sea, 
should  work  too  sorely  upon  my  stomach.  I  speak  sad 
ly  ;  me  thinkes  it  should  breake  the  hearts  of  English 
men  to  sea^p  many  goodly  English-women  imprison 
ed  in  French  Cages,  peering  out  of  their  hood-holes 
for  some  men  of  mercy  to  help  them  with  a  little 
wit,  and  no  body  relieves  them. 

It  is  a  more  common  then  convenient  saying,  that 
nine  Taylors  make  a  man  :  it  were  well  if  nineteene 
could  make  a  woman  to  her  rninde  :  if  Taylors  were 
men  indeed,  well  furnished  but  with  meer  morall 
principles,  they  would  disdain  to  be  led  about  like 
Apes,  by  such  mymiek  Marmosets.  It  is  a  most  un 
worthy  thing,  for  men  that  have  bones  in  them,  to 
spend  their  lives  in  making  fidle-cases  for  futilous 
womens  phansies  ;  which  are  the  very  pettitoes  of  in 
firmity,  the  gyblets  of  perquisquilian  toyes.  I  am  so 
charitable  to  think,  that  most  of  that  mystery  would 
worke  the  cheerfuller  while  they  live,  if  they  might 
bee  well  discharged  of  the  tyring  slavery  of  mis-tyr 
ing  women  :  it  is  no  little  labour  to  be  continually  put 
ting  up  English-women  into  Out-landish  caskes :  who 
if  they  be  not  shifted  anew,  once  in  a  few  moneths, 
grow  too  sowre  for  their  Husbands.  What  this  Trade 
will  answer  for  themselves  when  God  shall  take  mea 
sure  of  Taylors  consciences  is  beyond  my  skill  to 
imagine.  There  was  a  time  when 

The,  joyning  of  the  Red-Rose  until  the  White, 
Did  set  our  State  into  a  Damask  plight. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  29 

But  now  our  Roses  are  turned  to  Flore  de  lices, 
our  Carnations  to  Tulips,  our  Gilliflowers  to  Dayzes, 
our  City-Dames,  to  an  indenominable  Qaiaemalry  of 
overturcas'd  things.  Hee  that  makes  Coates  for  the 
Moone,  had  need  take  measure  every  noone ;  and  he 
that  makes  for  women,  as  often,  to  keepe  them  from 
Lunacy. 

I  have  often  heard  divers  Ladies  vent  loud  femi 
nine  complaints  of  the  wearisome  varieties  and  charg- 
able  changes  of  fashions :  I  marvell  themselves  pre- 
ferre  not  a  Bill  of  redresse.  I  would  *  Essex  Ladies 
would  lead  the  Chore,  for  the  honour  of  their  County 
and  persons  ;  or  rather  the  thrice  honourable  Ladies 
of  the  Court,  whom  it  best  beseemes :  who  may  wel 
presume  of  a  Le  Roy  le  veult  from  our  sober  King,  a 
Les  Seigneurs  ont  Assentus  from  our  prudent  Peers, 
and  the  like  Assentus  from  our  considerate,  I  dare  not 
say  wife-wome  Commons  :  who  I  beleeve  had  much 
rather  passe  one  such  Bill,  than  pay  so  many  Taylors 
Bills  as  they  are  forced  to  doe. 

Most  deare  and  unparallel'd  Ladies,  be  pleased  to 
attempt  it  :  as  you  have  the  precellency  of  the  women 
of  the  world  for  beauty  and  feature  ;  so  assume  the 
honour  to  give,  and  not  take  Law  from  any,  in  matter 
of  attire :  if  ye  can  transact  so  faire  a  motion  among 
yourselves  unanimously,  I  dare  say,  they  that  most 
renite,  will  least  repent.  What  greater  honour  can 

*  All  the  Counties  and  shires  of  England  have  had  wars  in  them 
since  the  Conquest,  but  Essex,  which  is  onely  free,  and  should  be 
thankfull. 

5* 


30  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

your  Honors  desire,  then  to  build  a  Promontory  presi 
dent  to  all  foraigne  Ladies,  to  deserve  so  eminently  at 
the  hands  of  all  the  English  Gentry  present  and  to 
come  :  and  to  confute  the  opinion  of  all  the  wise  men 
in  the  world  ;  who  never  thought  it  possible  for  wo 
men  to  doe  so  good  a  work  ? 

If  any  man  think  I  have  spoken  rather  merrily 
than  seriously  he  is  much  mistaken,  I  have  written 
what  I  write  with  all  the  indignation  I  can,  and  no 
more  then  I  ought.  I  confesse  I  veer'd  my  tongue  to 
this  kinde  of  Language  de  industria  though  unwill 
ingly,  supposing  those  I  speak  to  are  uncapable  of 
grave  and  rational!  arguments. 

I  desire  all  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen  to  understand 
that  all  this  while  I  intend  not  such  as  through  neces 
sary  modesty  to  avoyd  morose  singularity,  follow 
fashions  slowly,  a  flight  shot  or  two  off,  shewing  by 
their  moderation,  that  they  rather  draw  countermont 
with  their  hearts,  then  put  on  by  their  examples. 

I  point  my  pen  only  against  the  light -heel 'd  bea 
gles  that  lead  the  chase  so  fast,  that  they  run  all  civil 
ity  out  of  breath,  against  these  Ape-headed  pullets, 
which  invent  Antique  foole-fangles,  meerly  for  fash 
ion  and  novelty  sake. 

In  a  word,  if  I  begin  once  to  declaime  against  fash 
ions,  let  men  and  women  look  well  about  them,  there 
is  somewhat  in  the  businesse  ;  I  confesse  to  the  world. 
I  never  had  grace  enough  to  be  strict  in  that  kinde  ; 
and  of  late  years,  I  have  found  syrrope  of  pride  very 
wholesome  in  a  due  Dos,  which  makes  mee  keep  such 
store  of  that  drugge  by  me,  that  if  any  body  comes 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  31 


to  me  for  a  question-full  or  two  about  fashions,  they 
never  complain  of  me  for  giving  them  hard  measure, 
or  under-weight. 

But  I  addresse  my  self  to  those  who  can  both  hear 
and  mend  all  if  they  please:  I  seriously  feare,  if  the 
pious  Parliament  doe  not  finde  a  time  to  state  fash 
ions,  as  ancient  Parliaments  have  done  in  some  part, 
God  will  hardly  finde  a  time  to  state  Religion  or 
Peace:  They  are  the  surqnedryes  of  pride,  the  wan- 
tonnesse  of  idlenesse,  provoking  sins,  the  certain  pro- 
dromies  of  assured  judgement,  Zeph.  1.  7,  8. 

It  is  beyond  all  account,  how  many  Gentlemens 
and  Citizens  estates  are  deplumed  by  their  feather- 
headed  wives,  what  usefull  supplies  the  pannage  of 
England  would  afford  other  Countries,  what  rich  re- 
turnes  to  it  selfe,  if  it  were  not  slic'd  out  into  male 
and  female  fripperies  :  and  what  a  multitude  of  mis- 
imploy'd  hands,  might  be  better  improv'd  in  some  more 
manly  Manufactures  for  the  publique  weale  :  it  is  not 
easily  credible,  what  may  be  said  of  the  preterplural- 
ities  of  Taylors  in  London  :  I  have  heard  an  honest 
man  say,  that  not  long  since  there  were  numbered  be 
tween  Temple-barre  and  Charing-Crosse,  eight  thou 
sand  of  that  Trade  :  let  it  be  conjectured  by  that 
proportion  how  many  there  are  in  and  about  London, 
and  in  all  England,  they  will  appeare  to  be  very 
numerous.  If  the  Parliament  would  please  to  mend 
women,  which  their  Husbands  dare  not  doe,  there 
need  not  so  many  men  to  make  and  mend  as  there 
are.  I  hope  the  present  dolefull  estate  of  the  Real  me, 
will  perswade  more  strongly  to  some  considerate 
course  herein,  than  I  now  can. 


32  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

Knew  I  how  to  bring  it  in,  I  would  speak  a  word 
to  long  haire,  whereof  I  will  say  no  more  but  this : 
if  God  proves  not  such  a  Barbor  to  it  as  he  threatens, 
unlesse  it  be  amended,  Esa.  7.  20.  before  the  Peace  of 
the  State  and  Church  be  well  setled,  then  let  my 
prophesie  be  scorned,  as  a  sound  minde  scornes  the 
ryot  of  that  sin,  and  more  it  needs  not.  If  those  who 
are  tearmed  Rattle-heads  and  Impuritans,  would  take 
up  a  Resolution  to  begin  in  moderation  of  haire,  to 
the  just  reproach  of  those  that  are  called  Puritans  and 
Round-heads,  I  would  honour  their  manlinesse,  as 
much  as  the  others  godlinesse,  so  long  as  I  knew  what 
man  or  honour  meant :  if  neither  can  find  a  Barbours 
shop,  let  them  turne  in,  to  Psal.  68.  21.  Jer.  7.  29. 
1  Cor.  11.  14.  if  it  be  thought  no  wisdome  in  men 
to  distinguish  themselves  in  the  field  by  the  Scissers, 
let  it  bee  thought  no  injustice  in  God,  not  to  distin 
guish  them  by  the  Sword.  I  had  rather  God  should 
know  me  by  my  sobriety,  than  mine  enemy  not  know 
me  by  my  vanity.  He  is  ill  kept,  that  is  kept  by  his 
owne  sin.  A  short  promise  is  a  farre  safer  guard  than  a 
long  lock  :  it  is  an  ill  distinction  which  God  is  loth  to 
looke  at,  and  his  Angels  cannot  know  his  Saints  by. 
Though  it  be  not  the  mark  of  the  Beast,  yet  it  may  be 
the  mark  of  a  beast  prepared  to  slaughter.  I  am  sure 
men  use  not  to  weare  such  manes  ;  I  am  also  sure 
Souldiors  use  to  weare  other  marklets  or  notadoes  in 
time  of  battell. 


H 


Aving  done  with  the  upper  part  of  my  work,  I 
would  now  with  all  humble  willingnesse  set  on 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  33 


the  best  peece  of  Soule-leather  I  have,  did  I  not  feare 
I  should  break  my  All,  which  though  it  may  be  a 
right  old  English  blade,  yet  it  is  but  little  and  weake. 
I  should  esteeme  it  the  best  piece  of  workmanship  my 
Cobling  hand  every  wrought,  if  it  would  please  Him 
whose  worke  it  is,  to  direct  me  to  speake  such  a  word 
over  the  sea,  as  the  good  old  woman  of  Abel  did  over 
the  wall,  in  the  like  exigent:  but  alas,  I  am  but  sim 
ple.  What  if  I  be  ? 

When  States  dishelv'd  are,  and  Lawes  untwist, 

Wise  men  keep  their  tongues ,  fools  speak  what  they  list. 

I  would  not  be  so  unwise  as  to  grieve  the  wise,  if 
I  were  wise  enough  to  foresee  it :  I  would  speake 
nothing  to  the  Cause  or  Continuance  of  these  weari 
some  Warres  hitherto  ;  the  one  is  enough  debated,  the 
other  more  than  enough  peracted.  Nor  would  I  de- 
claime  of  the  uncornlinesse,  unbrotherlinesse,  unsea- 
sonablenesse  and  unreasonablenesse  of  these  direfull 
digladiations :  every  stroak  strucke  sounds  too  loud 
upon  this  harsh  string.  I  would  much  rather  speake 
perswasives  to  a  comely  brotherly  seasonable  and 
reasonable  cessation  of  Amies  on  both  sides,  by  a 
drawn  battaile  :  Wherein  if  I  shall  adventure  a  few 
over-bold  words,  I  intreat  my  ignorance,  impartiality, 
and  Loyalty  may  plead  pardon  for  me. 

Foure  meanes  there  are,  and  no  more,  within  the 
compasse  of  my  consideration,  conducing  to  what  is 
desired.     Either  to  get  the   Standard  fixed  in  heaven^ 
by  the  Lord  of  Hosts  taken  downe,  I  meaue  by  Re- 


34  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

formation  :  Or  to  set  up  white  colours  instead  of  red, 
on  one  side  or  other,  I  meane  by  Composition  :  Or 
by  furling  up  all  the  Ensignes  on  both  sides,  I  meane 
by  mutuall  and  generall  Cessation  :  Or  by  still  dis 
playing  all  the  Colours  and  Cornets  of  every  batal- 
lion,  I  mean  by  prosecution  :  without  Reformation 
there  will  hardly  be  any  Composition  ;  without  Com 
position  little  hope  of  Cessation  ;  without  Cessation 
there  must  and  will  be  Prosecution  ;  which  God  forbid. 

Reformation. 

WHen  the  Roman  Standard  was  defixed  with 
such  difficulty  at  the  batteli  between  Han- 
niball  and  Flaminiiis  at  Thrasimene,  it  proved  an  ill 
Omen.  When  God  gives  quietnesse,  who  can  make 
trouble  ;  when  he  hideth  his  face,  who  can  behold  him  1 
'Whether  it  be  against  a  nation  or  a  man  onely. 
That  the  Hypocrite  reigne  not,  lest  the  people  be  in- 
snared,  Job  34.  29,  30.  How  can  the  sword  of  the 
Lord  put  it  selfe  up  into  its  scabbard  and  be  quiet, 
when  himself  hath  given  it  a  charge  to  the  contrary? 
Jer.  47.  6,  7.  It  was  aCardinall  Truth  which  Cardinall 
Poole  spake  to  H.  8.  Penes  Reges  est  inferre  bellurn, 
penes  autcm  Dcum  terminare.  If  Kings  will  make 
their  beginnings,  God  will  make  his  ends :  much  more 
when  himselfe  begins:  When  I  begin  I  will  also 
make  an  end,  I  Sam.  3.  12.  Farre  better  were  it,  for 
men  to  make  an  end  with  him  in  time,  than  put  him 
to  make  such  an  end  with  them  as  he  there  intends. 

Politicall   Reformation  he  seemes  to   call   for  now 
indigitanter.    When  he  beholds  Christian  Kingdomes 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  35 

and  States  unsound  in  their  foundations,  illineall  in 
their  superstructures,  unjust  in  their  administrations; 
he  kicks  them  in  peeces  with  the  foot  of  his  Indigna 
tion  :  But  when  Religious  Statesmen  frame  and  build 
by  the  levell  and  plummet  of  his  wisdome,  then  peo 
ple  may  say  as  his  servants  of  old,  Looke  upon  Zion 
the  City  of  our  Solemnities  ;  Your  eyes  shall  see  it  a 
quiet  habitation,  a  Tabernacle  that  shall  not  be  taken 
down  ;  not  one  of  the  stakes  thereof  shall  be  removed, 
neither  shall  any  of  the  coards  thereof  bee  broken  ; 
Isa.  33.  20.  neither  by  civill  Commotions  nor  foreign 
Invasions.  When  the  coards  of  a  State  are  exquisite 
ly  tight,  and  the  stakes  finnely  pitched  ;  such  a  Tent 
though  but  a  Tent  shall  not  easily  flutter  or  fall  : 
But  if  the  Tacklings  be  so  loose,  that  themaine  Mast 
cannot  stand  steady,  nor  the  Saile  be  well  spread; 
then  may  the  lame  take  and  divide  a  great  prey,  ver. 
23.  If  Religion,  Laws,  Liberties,  Affections,  Conver 
sations,  and  foraigne  Federacies  be  slight  ;  the  strength 
of  strong  men  shall  be"  weaknesse,  arid  the  weaknesse 
of  the  weak  victorious. 

Pura  politeja  ne  uniim  admittit  solfzcismulum,  neque 
valet,  prcBscriptio  in  politicis  aut  moralibus.  It  may 
maintain  a  bright  conjecture,  against  a  rusty  Truth  :  a 
legible  possession,  against  an  obliterate  Claime  :  an 
inconvenience,  against  a  convenience  ;  where  no  cleare 
remedy  may  be  had  :  but  never  any  thing  that  is  for 
mally  sinfull,  or  materially  mischievous.  When  rot 
ten  States  are  soundly  mended  from  head  to  foot, 
proportions  duly  admeasured,  Justice  justly  dispenced  ; 
then  shall  Rulers  and  Subjects  have  peace  with  God 


36  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

and  themselves  :  but  till  then,  the  gayest  Kingdomes 
shall  be  but  ruffling  scuffling,  removing  and  commov- 
ing  hovelis.  For  England,  however  the  upper  Sto 
ries  are  shroadly  shattered  ;  yet  the  foundations  and 
frame  being  good  or  mendable  by  the  Architectors 
now  at  worke,  there  is  good  hope,  when  peace  is  set- 
led,  people  shall  dwell  more  wind-tight  and  water 
tight  than  formerly.  I  earnestly  wish  our  Mr.  Build 
ers  to  remember,  that  punctuality  in  Divinity  and 
Politic,  is  but  regularity  ;  that  what  is  amisse  in  the 
mould,  will  misfashion  the  prosult  :  and  that  if  this 
market  be  slipt,  things  may  grow  as  deare  as  ever 
they  were.  Most  expert  Gentlemen,  bee  intreated  at 
length  to  set  our  Head  right  on  our  shoulders,  that  we 
may  once  look  upwards  and  goe  forwards  like  proper 
Englishmen. 

God  will  also  have  Ecclesiasticall  Reformation  now, 
or  nothing  :  And  here  he  stands  not  upon  Kings, 
Parliaments  or  Assemblies,  but  upon  his  own  Termes. 
I  feare  hee  will  have  all  drosse  and  base  metalls 
throughly  melted  away  by  these  combustions,  before 
Hee  quenches  them  ;  all  his  Ordinances  and  vessells 
cast  into  his  owne  fashion,  in  his  own  mould,  to  his 
own  amussim,  before  he  restores  peace.  There  was 
not  a  stone  left  upon  a  stone  of  the  old  Temple,  be 
fore  the  new  was  erected.  If  this  first  worke  bee 
throughly  and  throughoutly  dispatched  as  I  hope  it  is, 
the  great  JRemora  is  removed.  If  the  Parliament  and 
Assembly  be  pleased  to  be  as  curious  and  industrious 
as  I  have  seen  a  great  Popish  Bishop  in  execcrating 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  37 

a  Protestant  Parish  Church  one  day,  and  consecrating 
it  the  next ;  they  may  adjourn  awhile  with  leave 
enough. 

Some  ten  or  twelve  years  before  these  Wars  there 
came  to  my  view  these  two  Predictions. 

1.    When   God  shall  purge  this  Land  with  soap  and  nitre, 
Woe  be  to  the  Crowne,  woe  be  to  the  Mitre. 

The  accent  of  the  blow  shall  fall  there. 
He  that  pities  not  the  Crowne,  pities  not  his  owne 
soule.  Hee  that  pities  not  those  that  wore  the  Mitre, 
more  than  they  pitied  themselves,  or  the  Churches 
over  which  they  insulted,  or  the  State  then  corrupted 
and  now  Corruined  by  their  pride  and  negligence, 
is  to  blame. 

2     There  is  a  set  of  Bishops  comming  next  behind, 

Will  ride  the  devill  off  his  legs,  and  break  his  wind. 

Poore  men  !  they  might  have  kept  his  backe  till  this 
time  for  ought  I  know,  had  they  not  put  him  beyond 
his  pace :  but  Schollers  must  gallop,  though  they 
tumble  for  it.  Yet  I  commend  them  for  this,  they 
gave  him  such  straynes  as  made  him  blow  short  ever 
since.  I  doubt  the  Assembly  troubles  him  ;  and  I 
doubt  he  troubles  them.  Well,  the  Bishops  are  gone  : 
If  they  have  carried  away  with  them  all  that  was  in 
the  pockets  of  their  Holliday  hose,  fare  them  well  ; 
let  them  come  againe  when  I  give  them  a  new  Conge 
d'  slier,  or  send  a  Pursuivant  for  them  ;  which  if  I 
doe,  I  shall  never  trust  myselfe  more,  though  they 
6 


38  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

have  ofterr  done  it  for  me,  who  never  deserved  that 
honour.  Some  of  them  I  confesse  were  very  honest 
men,  and  would  have  been  honester  if  they  dared  for 
their  fellows. 

^—  The  sad  worke  now,  is  to  institute  better  things  in 
their  Roome,  and  to  induct  better  men  in  their  roome  ; 
rather  where,  and  how  to  finde  those  things,  they  hav 
ing  cunningy  laid  them  so  farre  out  of  the  way  ;  I 
doubt  some  good  men  cannot  see  them,  when  they 
look  full  upon  them  :  it  is  like,  the  Bishops  carryed 
away  their  eyes  with  them,  but  I  feare  they  left  their 
Spectacles  behind  them.  I  use  no  spectacles,  yet  my 
eyes  are  not  fine  enough,  nor  my  hand  steady  enough 
to  cut  by  such  fine  threads  as  are  now  spun.  I  am  I 
know  not  what  ;  I  cannot  tell  what  to  make  of  my 
selfe.  nor  I  think  no  body  else :  My  Trade  is  to  finde 
more  faults  than  others  will  mend ;  and  I  am  very 
diligent  at  it ;  yet  it  scarce  findes  me  a  living,  though 
the  Country  findes  me  more  worke  than  I  can  turne 
my  hand  to. 

For  Church  work,  I  am  neither  Presbyterian,  nor 
plebsbyterian,  but  an  Iiiterpendent :  My  task  is  to  sit 
and  study  how  shapeable  the  Independent  way  will 
be  to  the  body  of  England,  then  my  head  akes  on 
one  side ;  and  how  suitable  the  Presbyterian  way,  as 
we  heare  it  propounded,  will  bee  to.  the  minde  of  Christ, 
then  my  head  akes  on  the  other  side  :  but  when  I  con 
sider  how  the  Parliament  will  commoderate  a  way 
out  of  both,  then  my  head  feaves  aking :  I  am  not, 
without  some  contri vails  in  my  patching  braines-;  but 
I  had  rather  suppose  them  to  powder,  than  expose 


AGO  AW  AM  in  America.  39 

them  to  preregular,  much  lesse  to  preter-regular  Judge 
ments  :  I  shall  therefore  rejoyce  that  the  work  is  fain 
into  so  good  hands,  heads,  and  hearts,  who  will  weigh 
Rules  by  Troyweight,  and  not  by  the  old  Haber-du- 
pois :  and  rather  then  meddle  where  I  have  so  little 
skill,  I  will  sit  by  and  tell  my  feares  to  them  that  have 
the  patience  to  heare  them,  and  leave  the  red-hot 
question  to  them  that  dare  handle  it. 

I  fear  many  holy  men  have  not  so  deeply  humbled 
themselves  for  their  former  mis-worshippings  of  God 
as  he  will  have  them  before  he  reveales  his  secrets  to 
them  :  as  they  accounted  things  indifferent,  so  they 
account  indifferent  repentance  will  serve  turne.  Son 
of  man,  if  my  people  be  ashamed  of  all  that  they  have 
done,  then  shew  them  the  forme  of  the  house,  and  the 
fashion  thereof,  else  not,  Ezek.  43.  11.  A  sin  in  Gods 
worship,  that  seemes  small  in  the  common  beame  of 
the  world,  may  be  very  great  in  the  scales  of  his  Sanc 
tuary.  Where  God  is  very  jealous,  his  servants  should 
be  very  cautelous. 

I  feare,  the  furnace  wherein  our  new  formes  are  cast 
ing,  is  over-heat,  and  casts  smoake  in  the  eyes  of  our 
founders,  that  they  cannot  well  see  what  they  doe,  or 
ought  to  doe  ;  Omne  peril  judicium  cum  res  transit 
in  affectum.  Truth  and  peace  are  the  Castor  and  Pot- 
lux  of  the  Gospell  :  they  that  seek  the  one  without 
the  other,  are  like  to  finde  neither  :  Anger  will  hinder 
domestick  Prayers,  much  more  Ecclesiastique  Coun- 
cels.  What  is  produced  by  tumult,  is  either  deficient 
or  redundant.  When  the  judgements  of  good  men 
concurre  with  a  harmonious  Diapason,  the  result  is  me- 


40  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

lodious  and  commodious.  Warring  and  jarring  men 
are  no  builders  of  houses  for  God,  though  otherwise 
very  good.  Instruments  may  be  well  made  and  well 
strung,  but  if  they  be  not  well  fretted,  the  Musique 
is  marred.  The  great  Turke  hearing  Musitians  so 
long  a  tuning,  he  thought  it  stood  not  with  his  state 
to  wait  for  what  would  follow.  When  Christ  whips 
Market-makers  out  of  his  Temple,  he  .raises  dust :  but 
when  he  enters  in  with  Truth  and  Holinesse,  he  calls 
for  deep  silence,  Hab.  2.  20.  There  must  not  a  toole 
be  heard  when  the  Tabernacle  is  reared  :  Nor  is  that 
amiable  or  serviceable  to  men  that  passeth  through  so 
many  ill  animadversions  of  Auditors  and  Spectators. 
If  the  Assembly  can  hardly  agree  what  to  determine, 
people  will  not  easily  agree  what  to  accept. 

I  fear,  these  differences  and  delayes  have  occasion 
ed  men  to  make  more  new  discoveries  then  otherwise 
they  would.  If  publique  Assemblies  of  Divines  can 
not  agree  upon  a  right  way,  private  Conventicles  of 
illiterate  men,  will  soon  find  a  wrong.  Bivious  de- 
murres  breed  devious  resolutions.  Passengers  to  heav 
en  are  in  haste,  and  will  walk  one  way  or  other.  He 
that  doubts  of  his  way,  thinkes  hee  loses  his  day:  and 
when  men  are  gone  awhile,  they  will  be  loth  to  turn 
back.  If  God  hide  his  path,  Satan  is  at  hand  to  turn 
Convoy  :  If  any  have  a  minde  to  ride  poste,  he  will 
helpe  them  with  a  fresh  spaviri'd  Opinion  at  every 
Stage. 

Where  clocks  will  stand,  and  Dials  have  no  light, 
There  men  must  goc  by  gucsse,  bc't  wrong  or  right. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  41 

I  feare,  if  the  Assembly  of  all  Divines,  doe  not  con 
sent,  and  concenter  the  sooner,  God  will  breath  a  spir 
it  of  wisedome  and  meeknesse,  into  the  Parliament  of 
no  Divines,  to  whom  the  Imperative  and  Coactive 
power  supremely  belongs,  to  consult  such  a  contem- 
perate  way,  as  shall  best  please  him,  and  profit  his 
Churches,  so  that  it  shall  be  written  upon  the  doore 
of  the  Assembly  ;  The  Lord  was  not  there. 

I  feare,  the  importunity  of  some  impatient,  and  sub 
tlety  of  some  malevolent  mindes,  will  put  both  Par 
liament  and  Assembly  upon  some  preproperations, 
that  will  not  be  safe  in  Ecclesiasticall  Constitutions. 
To  procrastinate  in  matters  clear,  as  I  said  even  now, 
may  be  dangerous  ;  so,  not  to  deliberate  in  dubious 
cases,  will  be  as  perilous.  We  here,  though  I  think 
under  favour,  wee  have  some  as  able  Steersmen  as 
England  affords,  have  been  driven  to  tack  about 
again  to  some  other  points  of  Christs  Compasse,  and 
to  make  better  observations  before  we  hoyse  up  sayles. 
It  will  be  found  great  wisdome  in  disputable  cases,  not 
to  walk  on  by  twylight,  but  very  cautelously  ;  rather 
by  probationers  for  a  time,  then  peremptory  positives: 
Reelings  and  wheelings  in  Church  acts,  are  both  dif 
ficult  and  disadvantageous.  It  is  rather  Christian 
modesty  than  shame,  in  the  dawning  of  Reformation, 
to  be  very  perpensive.  Christs  mind  is,  that  Evangel- 
icall  policies,  should  be  framed  by  Angelicall  mea 
sures  ;  not  by  a  line  of  flaxe,  but  by  a  golden  Reed, 
Rev.  21.  15. 

I  feare,  he  tftat  sayes,  the  Presbyterian  and  Inde 
pendent  way,  if  rightly  carryed,  doe  not  meet  in  one, 
6* 


42  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

he  doth  not  handle  his  Compasses  so  considerately  as 
he  should. 

I  feare,  if  Authority  doth  not  establish  a  sutable 
and  peaceable  Government  of  Churches  the  sooner, 
the  bells  in  all  the  steeples  will  ring  awke  so  long, 
that  they  will  hardly  be  brought  into  tune  any  more. 

My  last,  but  not  least  feare,  is,  That  God  will  hard 
ly  replant  his  Gospel  in  any  part  of  Christendome,  in 
so  faire  an  Edition  as  is  expected,  till  the  whole  field 
hath  been  so  ploughed  and  harrowed,  that  the  soile 
be  throughly  cleansed  and  fitted  for  new  seed:  Or 
whether  he  will  not  transplant  it  into  some  other  Re 
gions,  I  know  not  :  This  feare  I  have  feared  these  20 
years,  but  upon  what  grounds  I  had  rather  bury  than 
broach. 

I  dare  not  but  adde  to  what  preceded  about  Church- 
Reformation,  a  most  humble  petition,  that  the  Au 
thority  of  the  Ministry  be  kept  in  its  due  altitude  : 
if  it  be  dropp'd  in  the  dust,  it  will  soon  bee  stifled: 
Encroachments  on  both  sides,  have  bred  detriments 
enough  to  the  whole.  The  Separatists  are  content 
their  teaching  Elders  should  sit  highest  on  the  Bench, 
so  they  may  sit  in  the  Chaire  over-against  them;  and 
that  their  ruling  Elders  shall  ride  on  the  saddle,  so 
they  may  hold  the  bridle.  That  they  may  likewise 
have  seasonable  and  honorable  maintenance,  and  that 
certainly  stated :  which  generally  we  find  and  prac 
tise  here  as  the  best  way.  When  Elders  live  upon 
peoples  good  wills,  people  care  little  for  their  ill 
wills,  be  they  never  so  just  :  Voluntary  contributions 
or  non-tributions  of  Members,  put  Ministers  upon 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  43 

many  temptations  in  administrations  of  their  Offices : 
two  houres  care  does  more  dis-spirit  an  ingenuous 
man  than  two  dayes  study :  nor  can  an  Elder  be  giv 
en  to  hospitality,  when  he  knowes  not  what  will  be 
given  him  to  defray  it :  it  is  pity  men  of  gifts  should 
live  upon  men's  gifts.  I  have  seen  most  of  the  Re 
formed  Churches  in  Europ,  and  scene  more  misery 
in  these  two  respects,  then  it  is  meet  others  should 
hear :  the  complaints  of  painfull  Pareus,  David  Pa- 
reus,  to  myselfe,  with  tears,  concerning  the  Germane 
Churches,  are  not  to  be  related. 

There  is  yet  a  personall  Reformation,  as  requisite  as 
the  Politicall.  When  States  are  so  reformed,  that 
they  conforme  such  as  are  profligate,  into  good  civili 
ty  :  civill  men,  into  religious  morality  :  When  Churches 
are  so  constituted,  that  Faith  is  ordained  Pastor, 
Truth  Teacher,  Holinesse  and  Righteousnesse  ruling 
Elders :  Wisedome  and  Charity  Deacons :  Knowl 
edge,  love,  hope,  zeale,  heavenly-mindednesse,  meek- 
nesse,  patience,  watchfulnesse,  humility,  diligence, 
sobriety,  modesty,  chastity,  constancy,  prudence,  con- 
tentation,  innocency,  sincerity,  &c.  admitted  mem 
bers  and  all  their  opposites  excluded  :  then  there  will 
bee  peace  of  Country  and  Conscience. 

Did  the  servants  of  Christ  know  what  it  is  to  live 
in  Reformed  Churches  with  unreformed  spirits,  under 
strict  order  with  loose  hearts,  how  formes  of  Religion 
breed  but  formes  of  Godlinesse,  how  men  by  Church- 
discipline,  learne  their  Church-postures,  and  there 
rest ;  they  would  pray  as  hard  for  purity  of  heart, 
as  purity  of  Ordinances.  If  we  mocke  God  in  these, 


44  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

He  will  mocke  us;  either  with  defeat  of  our  hopes  ; 
or  which  is  worse :  when  we  have  what  we  so  much 
desire,  we  shall  be  so  much  the  worse  for  it.  It  was 
a  well  salted  speech,  uttered  by  an  English  Christian 
of  a  Reformed  Church  in  the  Netherlands,  Wee  have 
the  good  Orders  here,  but  you  have  the  good  Chris 
tians  in  England.  Hee  that  prizes  not  Old  Eng 
land  Graces,  as  much  as  New  England  Ordinances, 
had  need  goe  to  some  other  market  before  hee  comes 
hither.  In  a  word,  hee  that  is  not  Pastor,  Teacher, 
Ruler,  Deacon  and  Brother  to  himselfe,  and  lookes 
not  at  Christ  above  all,  it  matters  not  a  farthing  wheth 
er  he  be  Presbyterian  or  Independent :  he  may  be  a 
zealot  in  bearing  witnesse  to  which  he  likes  best,  and 
yet  an  Iscariot  to  both,  in  the  witnesse  of  his  owne 
Conscience. 

I  have  upon  strict  observation,  seen  so  much  power 
of  godlinesse,  and  spirituall  mindednesse  in  English 
Christians;  living  meerly  upon  Sermons  and  private 
duties,  hardly  come  by,  when  the  Gospell  was  little 
more  than  symptomaticall  to  the  State ;  such  Epi- 
demicall  and  lethall  formality  in  other  disciplinated 
Churches,  that  I  professe  in  the  hearing  of  God,  my 
heart  hath  mourned,  and  mine  eyes  wept  in  secret,  to 
consider  what  will  become  of  multitudes  of  my  deare 
Country-men,  when  they  shall  enjoy  what  they  now 
covet :  Not  that  good  Ordinances  breed  ill  Conscien 
ces,  but  ill  Consciences  grow  stark  nought  under 
good  Ordinances ;  insomuch  that  might  I  wish  an 
hypocrite  the  most  perilous  place  but  Hell,  I  should 
wish  him  a  Membership  in  a  strict  Reformed  Church  : 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  45 

and  might  I  wish  a  sincere  Servant  of  God,  the  great 
est  griefe  earth  can  afford,  I  should  wish  him  to  live 
with  a  pure  heart,  in  a  Church  impurely  Reformed  ; 
yet  through  the  improvement  of  Gods  Spirit,  that 
griefe  may  sanctifie  him  for  Gods  service  and  pres 
ence,  as  much  as  the  meanes  he  would  have,  but 
cannot. 

I  speak  this  the  rather  to  prevent,  what  in  me  lyes, 
the  imprudent  romaging  that  is  like  to  be  in  England, 
from  Villages  to  Townes,  from  Townes  to  Cities,  for 
Churches  sake,  to  the  undoing  of  Societies,  Friend 
ships,  Kindreds,  Families,  Heritages,  Callings,  yea, 
the  wise  Providence  of  God  in  disposing  mens  habi 
tations,  now  in  the  very  Infancy  of  Reformation :  by 
forgetting  that  a  little  leaven  may  season  a  large  lump : 
and  it  is  much  better  to  doe  good  than  receive.  It 
were  a  most  uncharitable  and  unserviceable  part,  for 
good  men  to  desert  their  own  Congregations,  where 
many  may  glorifie  God  in  the  day  of  his  Visitation, 
for  their  presence  and  assistance.  If  a  Christian  would 
picke  out  a  way  to  thrive  in  grace,  let  him  study  to 
administer  grace  to  them  that  want :  or  to  make  sure 
a  blessing  upon  his  Family  ;  let  him  labour  to  mul 
tiply  the  family  of  Christ,  and  beleeve,  that  he  which 
soweth  liberally,  shall  reap  abundantly;  and  hee  that 
spareth  more  than  is  need,  from  them  that  have  more 
need,  shall  surely  come  to  poverty  :  yea,  let  me  say, 
that  he  who  forsakes  the  meanes  of  grace  for  Christ 
and  his  Churches  sake,  shall  meet  with  a  better  bar- 
gaine,  namely,  grace  it  selfe.  It  is  a  time  now,  when 
full  flocks  should  rather  scatter  to  leane  Churches, 


46  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

than  gather  from  other  places,  to  make  themselves 
fat ;  when  able  Christians  should  rather  ttirne  Jesuites 
and  Seminaries,  than  run  into  Covents  and  Frieries  : 
had  this  beene  the  course  in  the  Primitive  time,  the 
Gospel  had  been  pinfolded  up  in  a  few  Cities,  and  not 
spread  as  it  is. 

What  more  ungodly  sacriledge  or  manstealing  can 
there  be,  then  to  purloin  from  godly  Ministers  the  first 
born  of  their  fervent  prayers  and  faithfull  preachings, 
the  leven  of  their  flocks,  the  incouragement  of  their 
soules,  the  Crowne  of  their  labours,  their  Epistle  to 
Heaven  ?  I  am  glad  to  heare  our  New-England  El 
ders  generally  detest  it  despuenter,  and  looke  at  it  as  a 
killing  Cordolium :  If  men  will  needs  gather  Church 
es  out  of  the  world  (as  they  say)  let  them  first  plough 
the  world,  sow  it,  and  reap  it  with  their  own  hands, 
and  the  Lord  give  them  a  liberall  Harvest.  He  is  a 
very  hard  man  that  will  reap  where  he  hath  not  sow 
ed,  and  gather  where  he  hath  not  strowed,  Mat.  25. 
24. 

He  that  saith,  it  is  or  was  our  case,  doth  not  right 
ly  understand  himself  or  us,  and  he  that  takes  his  war 
rant  out  of  Joh.  4.  37.  38.  is  little  acquainted  with 
Expositors.  Wise  men  are  amazed  to  hear  that  con 
scientious  Ministers  dare  spoile  many  Congregations 
to  make  one  for  themselves. 

In  matter  of  Reformation,  this  would  be  remem- 
bred,  that  in  premonitory  judgements,  God  will  take 
good  words,  and  sincere  intents  j  but  in  peremptory, 
nothing  but  reall  performances. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  47 

Composition. 

IF  Reformation  were  come  thus  neer,  I  should 
hope  Composition  were  not  farre  off:  When 
hearts  meet  in  God,  they  will  soon  meet  in  Gods 
wayes,  and  upon  Gods  termes.  But  to  avoid  prolixity, 
which  steales  upon  me  ;  For  Composition,  I  shall  com 
pose  halfe  a  dozen  distichs  concerning  these  kind  of 
Wars ;  wishing  I  could  sing  asleep  these  odious  stirres 
at  least  on  some  part,  with  a  dull  Ode.  He  is  no  Cobler 
that  cannot  sing,  nor  no  good  Cobler  that  can  sing  well : 

Si  natura  negat,  facit  indignatio  versum  )  They  are 
Qualemcunque  potest Juvenal  J  these. 


T 


1. 

Hey  seldome  lose  the  field,  but  often  win, 
That  end  their  wars,  before  their  wars  begin. 

2. 

Their  Cause  is  oft  the  worst,  that  Jirst  begin, 
And  they  may  lose  the  field,  the  field  that  win  :  * 

3. 

In  Civill  warrs,  'twixt  Subjects  and  their  King, 
There  is  no  conquest  got,  by  conquering. 

4. 

Warre  ill  begun,  the  onely  way  to  mend, 
Is  t'  end  the  warre  before  the  warre  doe  end. 

5. 

They  that  will  end  ill  warrs,  must  have  the  skill, 
To  make  an  end  by  Rule,  and  not  by  Will. 

6. 

In  ending  warrs  'tween  Subjects  and  their  Kings, 
Great  things  are  sav'd,  by  losing  little  things. 

*   Victrix  causa  Diis  placuit,  sed  victa  Catoni.    Lucan. 


48  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

Wee  heare  that  Majestas  Imperil  hath  challenged 
Sains  Populi  into  the  field  ;  the  one  fighting  for  Pre 
rogatives,  the  other  defending  Liberties:  Were  I  a 
Constable  bigge  enough,  I  would  set  one  of  them  by 
the  heeles  to  keep  both  their  hands  quiet  ;  I  meane 
onely  in  a  paire  of  stocks,  made  of  sound  reason, 
handsomely  fitted  for  the  legges  of  their  Understand 
ing. 

If  Salus  Populi  began,  surely  it  was  not  that  Sa- 
lus  Populi  which  I  left  in  England :  That  Salus 
Populi  was  as  mannerly  a  Salus  Populi  as  need  bee: 
if  I  bee  not  much  deceived,  that  Salus  Populi  suffer'd 
its  nose  to  be  held  to  the  Grindstone,  till  it  was  almost 
ground  to  the  grisles  ;  and  yet  grew  never  the  sharp 
er  for  ought  I  could  discerne ;  What  was,  before 
the  world  was  made,  I  leave  to  better  Antiquaries  then 
myselfe  ;  but  I  thinke,  since  the  world  began,  it  was 
never  storied  that  Salus  Populi  began  with  Majestas 
Imperii,  unlesse  Majestas  Imperil  first  unharbour'd  it, 
and  hunted  it  to  a  stand,  and  then  it  must  either  turne 
head  and  live,  or  turn  taile  and  die  :  but  more  have 
been  storyed  on  the  other  hand  than  Majestas  Impe 
ril  is  willing  to  heare  :  I  doubt  not  but  Majestas  Im 
perii  knows,  that  Common-wealths  cost  as  much  the 
making  as  Crownes  ;  and  if  they  bee  well  made,  would 
yet  outsell  an  ill-fashioned  Crown,  in  any  Market 
overt,  even  in  Smithfield,  if  they  could  be  well 
vouched.  , 

But  Preces  fy  Lachryma,  are  the  people's  weap 
ons  :  so  are  Swords  and  Pistols,  when  God  and  Par 
liaments  bid  them  Arme.  Prayers  and  Teares  are 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  49 

good  weapons  for  them  that  have  nothing  but  knees 
and  eyes  ;  but  most  men  are  made  with  teeth  and 
nailes ;  onely  they  must  neither  scratch  for  Liber 
ties,  nor  bite  Prerogatives,  till  they  have  wept  and 
prayed  as  God  would  have  them.  If  Subjects  must 
fight  for  their  Kings  against  other  Kingdomes,  when 
their  Kings  will  ;  I  know  no  reason,  but  they  may 
fight  against  their  Kings  for  their  own  Kingdomes, 
when  Parliaments  say  they  may  and  must  :  but  Par 
liaments  must  not  say  they  must,  till  God  sayes  they 
may. 

1  can  never  beleeve  that  Majestas  Imperil,  was  ever 
so  simple  as  to  think,  that  if  it  extends  it  self  beyond 
its  due  Artique  at  one  end,  but  Salus  Populi  must 
Antartique  it  as  farre  at  the  other  end,  or  else  the 
world  will  be  Excentrick,  and  then  it  will  whirle  ; 
and  if  it  once  fall  a  whirling,  ten  to  one,  it  will  whirle 
them  off  first,  that  sit  in  highest  chaires  on  cushions 
fill'd  with  Peacocks  feathers ;  and  they  are  like  to 
stand  their  ground  fastest,  that  owne  not  one  foot  of, 
ground  to  stand  upon.  When  Kings  rise  higher  than 
they  should,  they  exhale  Subjects  higher  than  they 
would  :  if  the  Primum  Mobile  should  ascend  one  foot 
higher  than  it  is,  it  would  hurry  all  the  nether  wheeles, 
and  the  whole  world  on  fire  in  24  houres.  No  Prince 
exceeds  in  Soveraignty,  but  his  Subjects  will  exceed 
as  farre  in  some  vitious  Liberty,  to  abate  their  griefe  ;  / 
or  some  pernicious  mutiny,  to  abate  their  Prince. 

The  crazy  world  will  crack,  in  all  the  middle  joynts, 
If  all  the  ends  it  hath,  have  not  their  parapoynts. 

7 


50  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

Nor  can  I  beleeve  that  Crownes  trouble  Kings 
Heads,  so  much  as  Kings  heads  trouble  Crownes :  nor 
that  they  are  flowers  of  Crowns  that  trouble  Crowns, 
but  rather  some.  Nettles  or  Thistles  mistaken  for 
flowers. 

To  speake  plainer  English,  I  have  wondred  these 
thirty  yeares  what  Kings  aile  :  I  have  seen  in  my  time, 
the  best  part  of  twenty  Christian  Kings  and  Princes; 
•Yet  as  Christian  as  they  were,  some  or  other  were  still 
scuffling  for  Prerogatives.  It  must  be  granted  at  all 
hands,  that  Pr&rogativa  Regis  are  necessary  Sup 
porters  of  State  :  and  stately  things  to  stately  Kings : 
but  if  withall,  they  be  Derogativa,  Regno,  they  are 
but  little  things  to  wise  Kings.  Equity  is  as  due 
to  People,  as  Eminency  to  Princes:  Liberty  to  Sub 
jects,  as  Royalty  to  Kings :  If  they  cannot  walk  to 
gether  lovingly  hand  in  hand,  pari  passn,  they  must 
cut  girdles  and  part  as  good  friends  as  they  may :  Nor 
must  it  be  taken  offensively,  that  when  Kings  are 
haling  up  their  top-gallants,  Subjects  lay  hold  on  their 
slablines ;  the  head  and  body  must  move  alike  :  it  is 
nothing  meet  for  me  to  say  with  Horace, 

Ut  tu  fortunam,  sic  nos  tc  Car'le  feremus. 
But  I  hope  I  may  safely  say, 

The  body  bcares  the  head,  the  head  the  Crown  ; 
If  both  beare  not  alike,  then  one  will  down. 

Distracting  Nature,  calls  for  distracting  Remedies  ; 
perturbing  policies  for  disturbing  cures:  If  one  Ex- 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  51 

treame  should  not  constitute  its  Anti-Extreame,  all 
things  would  soon  be  in  extremo :  if  ambitious  windes 
get  into  Rulers  Crownes,  rebellious  vapours  will  into 
Subjects  Caps,  bee  they  stopt  never  so  close:  Yet  the 
tongues  of  Times  tell  us  of  ten  Preter-royali  Usurpa 
tions,  to  one  contra-civil  1  Rebellion. 

Civill  Liberties  and  Proprieties  admeasured,  to  eve 
ry  man  to  his  true  suum,  are  the  prima  pura  princi- 
pia,  propria  quarto  modo,  the  sine  quibus  of  humane 
States,  without  which,  men  are  but  women.  Peoples 
prostrations  of  these  things  when  they  may  lawfully 
helpe  it,  are  prophane  prostitutions  ;  ignorant  Ideot- 
tismes,  under  naturall  noddaries  ;  and  just  it  is  that 
such  as  undersell  them,  should  not  re-inherit  them  in 
haste,  though  they  seeke  it  carefully  with  teares.  And 
such  usurpations  by  Rulers,  are  the  unnaturalizings  of 
nature,  disfranchisements  of  Freedome,  the  Neronian 
nullifyings  of  Kingdomes :  yea,  I  beleeve  the  Devill 
himselfe  would  turne  Round-head,  rather  then  suffer 
fchese  Columnes  of  Common-wealths  to  be  slighted  : 
as  he  is  a  creature,  he  feares  decreation  ;  as  an  Angell, 
denominations  ;  as  a  Prince,  dis-common-wealthings  ; 
as  finite,  these  pen-infinite  insolencies,  which  are  the 
most  finite  Infinites  of  misery  to  men  on  this  side  the 
worlds  dissolution :  therefore  it  is,  that  with  Gods 
leave,  he  hath  sounded  an  alarm  to  all  the  susque  de 
ques,  pell-mels,  one  and  alls,  now  harrassing  sundry 
parts  of  Christendome.  It  is  enough  for  God  to  be  In 
finite,  too. much  for  man  to  bee  Indefinite.  He  that 
will  flye  too  high  a  quarry  for  Absolutenesse,  shall 
stoope  as  much  too  low  before  he  remounts  his  proper 


52  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

pitch  :  If  Jacob  will  over  top  his  brother  out  of  Gods 
time  and  way,  he  will  so  hamstring  him,  that  hee  shall 
make  legs  whether  he  will  or  no,  at  his  brothers  ap 
proach  :  and  such  as  over-run  all  humane  measure, 
shall  seldome  returns  to  humane  mercy  :  There  are 
/sins  besides  the  sin  against  the  Holyjjhost,  which 
shall  n o t.bs  o x pia trdHbysacr  1  fic'e"  for  temporall  revenge  : 
I  mean  when  they  are  boyled  up  to  a  full  consistence 
of  contumacy  and  impenitency.  Let  absolute  Demands 
or  Commands  be  put  into  one  scale,  and  indefinite 
refusalls  into  the  other  :  all  the  Goldsmiths  in  Cheape- 
side,  cannot  tell  which  weighs  heaviest.  Intolerable 
griefes  to  Subjects,  breed  the  Iliaca  passio  in  a  body 
politick,  which  inforces  that  upwards  which  should 
not.  I  speak  these  things  to  excuse,  what  I  may,  my 
Countrymen  in  the  hearts  of  all  that  look  upon  their 
proceedings. 

There  is  a  quadrobulary  saying  which  passes  cur 
rent  in  the  Westerne  World,  That  the  Emperour  is 
King  of  Kings,  the  Spaniard,  King  of  Men,  the 
French,  King  of  Asses,  the  King  of  England,  King 
of  Devills.  By  his  leave  that  first  brayed  the  speech, 
they  are  pretty  wise  Devills  and  pretty  honest ;  the 
worse  they  doe,  is  to  keep  their  Kings  from-devillizing, 
and  themselves  from  Assing :  Were  I  a  King  (a  sim 
ple  supposall)  I  would  not  part  with  one  good  English 
Devill,  for  some  two  of  the  Emperours  Kings,  nor  three 
of  the  Spaniards  Men,  nor  foure  French  Asses;  If  I 
did  I  should  thinke  my  selfe  an  Asse  for  my  labour. 
I  know  nothing  that  Englishmen  want,  but  true 
Grace,  and  honest  pride  ;  let  them  be  well  furnisht 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  53 

with  those  two,  I  feare  they  would  make  more  Asses, 
then  Spaine  can  make  men,  or  the  Emperour  Kings. 
You  will  say  I  am  now  beyond  my  latchet ;  but  you 
would  not  say  so,  if  you  knew  how  high  my  latchet 
will  stretch ;  when  I  heare  a  lye  with  a  latchet,  that 
reaches  up  to  his  throat  that  first  forged  it. 

He  is  a  good  King  that  undoes  not  his  Subjects  by 
any  one  of  his  unlimited  Prerogatives  :  and  they  are 
a  good  People,  that  undoe  not  their  Prince,  by  any 
one  of  their  unbounded  Liberties,  be  they  the  very 
least.  I  am  sure  either  may,  and  I  am  sure  neither 
would  be  trusted,  how  good  soever.  Stories  tell  us 
in  effect,  though  not  in  termes,  that  over-risen  Kings, 
have  been  the  next  evills  to  the  world,  unto  fallen  An 
gels  ;  and  that  over-franchised  people,  are  devills 
with  smooth  snaffles  in  their  mouthes.  A  King  that 
lives  by  Law,  lives  by  love  ;  and  he  that  lives  above 
Law,  shall  live  under  hatred  doe  what  he  can.  Slave 
ry  and  knavery  goe  as  seldome  asunder,  as  Tyranny 
and  Cruelty. 

I  have  a  long  while  thought  it  very  possible,  in  a 
time  of  Peace,  and  in  some  Kings  Reigne,  for  disert 
Statesmen,  to  cut  an  exquisite  thred  between  Kings 
Prerogatives,  and  Subjects  Liberties  of  all  sorts,  so  as 
C&sar  mij*ht  have  his  due,  and  People  their  share, 
without  such  sharpe  disputes.  Good  Casuists  would 
case  it,  and  case  it,  part  it,  and  part  it  ;  now  it,  and 
then  it,  punctually.  Aquinas,  Suarez,  or  Valentia, 
would  have  done  it  long  ere  this,  had  they  not  beene 
Popish,  I  might  have  said  knavish  ;  for,  if  they  be  so 
any  where,  it  is  in  their  Tractates  of  Priviledges. 
7* 


54  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

Our  Common  Law  doth  well,  but  it  must  doe  better  be 
fore  things  doe  as  they  should.  There  are  some  Max- 
imes  in  Law,  that  would  be  taught  to  speake  a  little 
more  mannerly,  or  else  well  Anti-Maxini'd :  we  say, 
the  King  can  doe  a  Subject  no  wrong  ;  why  may  wee 
not  say,  the  Parliament  can  doe  the  King  no  wrong  ? 
We  say,  Nullum  tempus  occurrit  Regi  in  taking 
wrong  ;  why  may  wee  not  say,  Nullum  tempus  suc- 
currit  Regi  in  doing  wrong  ?  which  I  doubt  will 
Tove  as  good  a  Canon  if  well  examined. 

Authority  must  have  power  to  make  and  keep  peo 
ple  honest;  People,  honesty  to  obey  Authority;  both, 
a  joynt-Councell  to  keep  both  safe.  Morall  Lawes, 
Royall  Prerogatives,  Popular  Liberties,  are  not  of 
Mans  making  or  giving,  but  Gods :  Man  is  but  to 
measure  them  out  by  Gods  Rule  :  which  if  mans  wis- 
dome  cannot  reach,  Mans  experience  must  mend  : 
And  these  Essentialls,  must  not  be  Ephorized  or  Tri- 
buned  by  one  or  a  few  Mens  discretion,  but  lineally 
sanctioned  by  Supreame  Councels.  In  pro-re-nascent 
occurrences,  which  cannot  be  foreseen  ;  Diets,  Par 
liaments,  Senates,  or  accountable  Commissions,  must 
have  power  to  consult  and  execute  against  intersilient 
dangers  and  flagitious  crimes  prohibited  by  the  light 
of  Nature :  Yet  it  were  good  if  States  would  let  Peo 
ple  know  so  much  beforehand,  by  some  safe  woven 
manifesto,  that  grosse  Delinquents  may  tell  no  tales  of 
Anchors  and  Buoyes,  nor  palliate  their  presumptions 
with  pretence  of  ignorance.  I  know  no  difference  in 
these  Essentialls,  between  Monarchies,  Aristocracies, 
or  Democracies ;  the  rule  will  be  found  par-rationall, 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  55 

say  Schoolmen  and  Pretorians  what  they  will.  And 
in  all,  the  best  Standard  to  measure  Prerogatives,  is 
the  Ploughstaffe  ;  to  measure  Liberties,  the  Scepter : 
if  the  tearms  were  a  little  altered  into  Loyall  Prerog 
atives  and  Royall  Liberties,  then  we  should  be  sure 
to  have  Royall  Kings  and  Loyall  Subjects. 

Subjects  their  King,  the  King  Ms  Subjects  greets, 
Whilome  the  Scepter  and  the  Plough-staffe  meets. 

But  Progenitors  have  had  them  for  four  and  twen 
ty  predecessions  :  that  would  be  spoken  in  the  Nor 
man  tongue  or  Cimbrian,  not  in  the  English  or  Scot 
tish  :  When  a  Conquerour  turnes  Christian,  Christiani 
ty  turns  Conquerour  :  if  they  had  had  them  time  out 
of  minde  of  man,  before  Adam  was  made,  it  is  not  a 
pin  to  the  point  in  foro  recta  rationis :  Justice  and 
Equity  were  before  time,  and  will  be  after  it :  Time 
hath  neither  Politicks  nor  Ethicks,  good  nor  evill  in 
it  ;  it  is  an  empty  thing,  as  empty  as  a  New-English 
purse,  and  emptier  it  cannot  bee  :  a  man  may  break 
his  neck  in  time,  and  in  a  lesse  time  then  he  can 
heale  it. 

But  here  is  the  deadly  pang,  it  must  now  be  taken 
by  force  and  dint  of  sword  :  I  confesse  it  is  a  deadly 
pang  to  a  Spirit  made  all  of  flesh,  but  not  to  a  morti 
fied  heart  :  it  is  good  to  let  God  have  his  will  as  hee 
please,  when  we  have  not  reason  to  let  him  have  it 
as  we  should  ;  remembring,  that  hitherto  he  hath 
taken  order,  that  ill  Prerogatives  gotten  by  the  Sword, 
should  in  time  be  fetcht  home  by  the  Dagger,  if  noth 
ing  else  will  doe  it :  Yet  I  trust  there  is  both  day  and 


56  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

means  to  intervent  this  bargaine.  But  if  they  should  ; 
if  God  will  make  both  King  and  Kingdome  the  bet 
ter  by  it,  what  should  either  lose  ?  I  am  sure  there 
is  no  great  cause  for  either  to  make  great  brags. 

Pax  quo  carior,  eo  charior. 

A  peace  well  made,  is  likeliest  then  to  hold, 
When  'tis  both  dearly  bought  and  dearly  sold. 

I  confesse,  he  that  parts  with  such  pearles  to  be 
paid  in  old  iron,  had  need  to  be  pityed  more  by  his 
faithfull  friends,  than  he  is  like  to  be  by  his  false 
flatterers.  My  heart  is  surcharged,  I  can  no  longer 
forbear. 

MY  Dearest  Lord,  and  my  more  than  dearest 
King-,  I  most  humbly  beseeclr  you  upon  mine 
aged  knees,  that  you  would  please  to  arme  your  minde 
with  patience  of  proofe,  and  to  intrench  your  selfe  as 
deep  as  you  can,  in  your  wonted  Royall  meeknesse ; 
for  I  am  resolved  to  display  my  unfurled  soule  in  your 
very  face,  and  to  storme  you  with  volyes  of  Love  and 
Loyalty.  You  owe  the  meanest  true  Subject  you 
have,  a  close  account  of  these  open  Warres :  they  are 
no  Arcana  imperil.  Then  give  mee  leave  to  inquire 
of  your  Majesty,  what  you  make  in  fields  of  blood, 
when  you  should  be  amidst  your  Parliament  of  peace  : 
What  you  doe  sculking  in  the  suburbs  of  Hell,  when 
your  Royall  Pallaces  stand  desolate,  through  your 
absence  ?  What  moves  you  to  take  up  Armes  against 
your  faithfull  Subjects,  when  your  Armes  should  bee 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  57 

embracing  your  mournfull  Queen  ?  What  incenses 
your  heart  to  make  so  many  widdowes  and  Orphans, 
and  among  the  rest  your  owne  ?  Doth  it  become  you, 
the  King  of  the  stateliest  Island  the  world  hath,  to 
forsake  your  Throne,  and  take  up  the  Manufacture  of 
cutting  your  Subjects  throats,  for  no  other  sin,  but 
for  Deifying  you  so  over-much,  that  you  cannot  be 
quiet  in  your  Spirit,  till  they  have  pluckt  you  downe 
as  over-low  ?  Doe  your  three  Kingdomes  so  trouble 
you,  that  they  must  all  three  be  set  on  fire  at  once,  that 
when  you  have  done,  you  may  probably  runiie  away 
by  their  light  into  utter  darknesse  ?  Doe  your  three 
Crownes  sit  so  heavy  on  your  head,  that  you  will 
break  the  backs  of  the  three  bodies  that  set  them  on, 
and  helpt  you  beare  them  so  honourably  ?  Have  your 
three  Lamb-like  flocks  so  molested  you,  that  you  must 
deliver  them  up  to  the  ravening  teeth  of  evening 
Wolves?  Are  you  so  angry  with  those  that  never 
gave  you  just  cause  to  be  angry,  but  by  their  too  much 
feare  to  anger  you  at  all,  when  you  gave  them  cause 
enough  ?  Are  yon  so  weary  of  Peace,  that  you  will 
never  be  weary  of  Warre  ?  Are  you  so  willing  to 
warre  at  home,  who  were  so  unwilling  to  warre  a- 
broad,  where  and  when  you  should  ?  Are  you  so 
weary  of  being  a  good  King,  that  you  will  leave  your 
selfe  never  a  good  Subject  ?  Have  you  peace  of  Con 
science,  in  iu  fore  ing  many  of  your  Subjects  to  fight 
for  you  against  their  Conscience  ?  Are  you  provided 
with  Answers  at  the  great  Tribunall,  for  the  destruc 
tion  of  so  many  thousands,  whereof  every  man  was 
as  good  a  man  as  your  Self,  qua  man  ? 


58  The  Simple  Cobler  of 


Is  it  not  a  most  unworthy  part  for  you  to  bee  run 
ning  away  from  your  Subjects  in  a  day  of  battel,  up 
on  whose  Pikes  you  may  come  safe  with  your  naked 
breast  and  welcome  ?  Is  it  honourable  for  you  to  be 
flying  on  horses,  from  those  that  would  esteeme  it 
their  greatest  honour,  to  beare  you  on  their  humble 
shoulders  to  your  Chaire  of  Estate,  and  set  you  down 
upon  a  Cushion  stuffed  with  their  hearts?  Is  it  your 
prudence  to  be  inraged  with  your  best  friends,  for 
adventuring  their  lives  to  rescue  you  from  your  worst 
enemies  ?  Were  I  a  King,  pardon  the  supposall,  I 
would  hang  that  Subject  by  the  head,  that  would  not 
take  me  by  the  heels,  and  dragge  me  to  my  Court, 
when  he  sees  me  shifting  for  life  in  the  ruined  Coun- 
trey,  if  nothing  else  would  doe  it ;  And  I  would 
honour  their  very  heels,  that  would  take  me  by  the 
very  head,  and  teach  me,  by  all  just  meanes,  to  King 
it  better,  when  they  saw  me  un-Kinging  my  selfe  and 
Kingdoms  :  Doe  you  not  know  Sir,  that,  as  when 
your  people  are  sicke  of  the  Kings-evill,  God  hath 
given  you  a  gift  to  heale  them  ?  so  when  your  selfe 
are  sicke  of  it,  God  hath  given  the  Parliament  a  gift 
to  heale  you  :  Hath  your  Subjects  love  been  so  great 
to  you,  that  you  will  spend  it  all,  and  leave  your  chil 
dren  little  or  none  ?  Are  you  so  exasperated  against 
wise  Scotland,  that  you  will  make  England  your  foole 
or  foot-stoole  ?  Is  your  fathers  Sonne  growne  more 
Orthodox,  then  his  most  Orthodox  father,  when  he 
told  his  Sonne,  that  a  King  was  for  a  kingdome,  and 
not  a  kingdome  for  a  King  ?  parallell  to  that  of  the 
Apostle  ;  the  husband  is  but  by  the  wife,  but  the  wife 
of  the  husband. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  59 

Is  Majestas  Imperil  growne  so  kickish,  that  it  can 
not  stand  quiet  with  Sahis  Populi,  unlesse  it  be  fet 
tered  ?  Are  you  well  advised,  in  trampling  your  Sub 
jects  so  under  your  feet,  that  they  can  finde  no  place 
to  be  safe  in,  but  over  your  head  :  Are  you  so  inexo 
rably  offended  with  your  Parliament,  for  suffering 
you  to  returne  as  you  did.  when  you  came  into  their 
house  as  you  did,  that  you  will  be  avenged  on  all 
whom  they  represent  ?  Will  you  follow  your  very 
worst  Councell  so  far,  as  to  provoke  your  very  best, 
to  take  better  counsell  than  ever  they  did?  If  your 
Majesty  be  not  Popish,  as  you  professe,  and  I  am 
very  willing  to  beleeve,  why  doe  you  put  the  Parlia 
ment  to  resume  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar,  or  Con- 
substantions  in  saying,  the  King  and  Parliament, 
the  King  and  Parliament  ?  breaking  your  simple 
Subjects  braines  to  understand  such  mysticall  Parlee- 
ment  ?  I  question  much,  whether  they  were  not  bet 
ter  speake  plainer  English,  then  such  Latine  as  the 
Angels  can  hardly  construe,  and  God  happily  loves 
not  to  perse  ;  I  can  as  well  admit  an  ubiquitary  King 
as  another,  if  a  King  be  abroad  in  any  good  affaire  ; 
but  if  a  King  be  at  home  and  will  circumscribe  him- 
selfe  at  Oxford,  and  proscribe  or  discribe  his  Parlia 
ment  at  Westminster,  if  that  Parliament  will  pre 
scribe  what  they  ought,  without  such  paradoxing,  I 
should  think  God  would  subscribe  a  Le  Dieu  le 
veult  readily  enough. 

Is  your  Advisera  such  a  Suavamen  to  you,  that 
hath  been  such  a  Gravamen  to  Religion  and  Peace  ? 
Shall  the  chiefe  bearing  wombe  of  your  Kingdome, 


60  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

be  ever  so  constituted,  that  it  cannot  be  delivered  of 
its  owne  deliverance,  in  what  pangs  soever  it  be,  with 
out  the  will  of  one  man-midwife,  and  such  a  man  as 
will  come  and  not  come,  but  as  he  list :  nor  bring  a 
Parliament  to  bed  of  a  well-begotten  Liberty  without 
an  entire  Subsidy  ?  Doe  not  your  Majesty  being  a 
Schollar,  know,  that  it  was  a  truth  long  before  it  was 
spoken,  that  Mundas  est  unus  aid  nullus,  that  there 
is  Principum  puruin  unum.,  which  unites  the  world 
and  all  that  is  in  it;  where  that  is  broken,  things  fall 
asunder,  that  whatsoever  is  duable  or  triable,  is  fryable. 
Is  the  Militia  of  your  Kingdoms,  such  an  orient 
flower  of  your  Crowne,  which  all  good  Herbalists 
judge  but  a  meere  nettle,  while  it  is  in  any  one  mans 
hand  living  ?  May  not  you  as  well  challenge  the  ab 
solute  disposall  of  all  the  wealth  of  the  Kingdoms 
as  of  all  the  strength  of  your  Kingdome  ?  Can  you 
put  any  difference  ?  unlesse  it  bee  this,  that  msns 
hearts  and  bones  are  within  their  skins,  more  proper 
and  intrinsecall,  their  lands  and  cattell  more  external! : 
dare  you  not  concredit  the  Militia,  with  those  to 
whom  you  may  betrust  your  heart,  better  then  your 
owne  breast  ?  Will  they  ever  harme  you  with  the 
Militia,  that  have  no  manner  of  malitia  against  you, 
but  for  mis-irnploying  the  Militia  against  them  by 
the  malitia  of  your  ill  Counsellours  ?  What  good 
will  the  Militia  doe  you  when  you  have  wasted  the 
Realme  of  all  the  best  Militcs  it  hath  ?  May  not  your 
Majesty  see  through  a  paire  of  Spectacles,  glazed 
with  inch-board  ;  that  while  you  have  your  Advisera 
in  one  hand,  and  the  Militia  in  the  other,  you  have 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  61 

the  neckes  of  your  Subjects  under  your  feet,  but  not 
your  heart  in  your  owne  hand  ?  doe  you  not  know 
that  malum  est,  posse  malum  ? 

Hath  Episcopacy  beene  such  a  religious  Jewell  in 
your  State,  that  you  will  sell  all  or  most  of  your  Cor 
onets,  Caps  of  honour,  and  blue  Garters,  for  six  and 
twenty  cloth  Caps?  arid  your  Barons  Cloakes,  for  so 
many  Rockets,  whereof  usually  twenty  have  had 
scarce  good  manners  enough  to  keepe  the  other  six 
sweet?  Is  no  Bishop  no  King,  such  an  oraculous 
Truth,  that  you  will  pawne  your  Crowne  and  life  up 
on  it?  if  you  will,  God  may  make  it  true  indeed  on 
your  part :  Had  you  rather  part  with  all,  then  lose  a 
few  superfluous  tumours,  to  pare  off  your  monstrous- 
nesse  ?  Will  you  be  so  covetous,  as  to  get  more  then 
you  ought,  by  losing  more  then  you  need  ?  Have  you 
not  driven  good  Subjects  enough  abroad,  but  you  will 
also  slaughter  them  that  stay  at  home  ?  Will  you  take 
such  an  ill  course,  that  no  prayers  can  fasten  that  good 
upon  you  we  desier  ?  Is  there  not  some  worse  root 
than  all  these  growing  in  your  Spirit,  bringing  forth 
all  this  bitter  fruit  ?  against  which  you  should  take  up 
Arms,  rather  then  against  your  harmlesse  Subjects  ? 
Doe  you  not  foresee,  into  what  importable  head-tear- 
ings  and  heart-searchings  you  will  be  ingulfed,  when 
the  Parliament  shall  give  you  a  mate,  though  but  a 
Stale  ?  Methinkes  it  should  breake  your  heart,  to  see 
such  a  one  as  I,  presume  so  much  upon  your  clemen 
cy  and  too  much  upon  your  Majesty,  which  your 
Selfe  have  so  eclipsed  by  the  interposall  of  your  Selfe 
between  your  Selfe  arid  your  Selfe,  that  it  hath  not 
8 


62  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

ray's  enough  left  to  dazle  downe  the  height  of  my 
affections  to  the  awe  of  my  Judgement. 

Tres-Royall  Sir,  I  once  agaitie  beseech  you,  with 
teares  dropping  from  my  hoary  head,  to  cover  your 
Selfe  as  close  as  you  may,  with  the  best  shield  of 
goodnesse  you  have  :  I  have  somewhat  more  to  say, 
which  may  happily  trouble  not  your  Selfe,  but  your 
followers,  more  than  what  is  already  said.  There  liv 
ed  in  your  Realrne  and  Reigne  two  whom  I  may  well 
tearme  Prophets,  both  now  in  a  better  Kingdome; 
whereof  one  foretold  two  things  concerning  your  Ma 
jesty,  of  these  very  proceedings,  long  before  they  be 
gan  ;  which  being  done  and  past  shall  bee  buried  in 
silence :  the  other  made  this  prediction  about  the 
same  time. 

King  Charles  will  joyne  Himself e  to  bitter  Grief e, 
Then  joy  ne  to  God,  and  prove  a  Godly  Chief  e. 

His  words  were  in  prose  these,  King  Charles  will 
come  into  fetters,  meaning  strong  afflictions,  and  then 
prove  as  good  a  King,  as  such  a  good  King  of  Israel, 
whom  he  then  named,  but  I  need  not:  he  was  as  in 
wardly  acquainted  with  the  minde  of  God,  as  fervent 
and  frequent  a  Beadsman  for  your  welfare,  and  had 
as  religious  Opticks  of  State,  as  any  man  I  know  : 
foure  other  Predictions  he  made,  full  as  improbable  as 
this,  whereof  three  are  punctually  performed.  A  good 
Christian  being  sometime  in  conflicts  of  Conscience, 
hurried  with  long  tentations,  used  this  speech  to  my 
selfe,  I  am  now  resolved  to  be  quiet,  for  I  plainly  see, 
God  will  save  me  whether  I  will  or  no :  If  your  Ma- 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  63 

jesty  would  be  pleased  to  thinke  so  in  your  heart,  and 
say  so  with  your  mouth,  all  the  good  Subjects  you 
have,  would  say,  Amen,  till  the  heavens  rang,  and  I 
hope  you  have  few  so  bad,  but  would  say,  So  be  it. 

Much  lamented  Sir,  If  you  will  please  to  retire  your 
Selfe  to  your  Closet,  whither  you  may  most  safely 
come,  and  make  your  peace  with  God,  for  the  vast 
heritage  of  sinne  your  Intombed  father  left  upon  your 
score,  the  dreadful  Imprecation  he  poured  upon  the 
heads  of  his  tender  posterity  in  Summersets  and  Over- 
buryes  Case,  published  in  Starchamber  by  his  Royall 
command  ;  your  owue  sinful  marriage,  the  sophistoca- 
tion  of  Religion  and  Policie  in  your  time,  the  luxury 
j-our  Court  and  Country,  your  connivance  with  the 
Irish  butcheries,  your  forgetfull  breaches  upon  the 
Parliament,  your  compliance  with  Popish  Doegs,  with 
what  else  your  Conscience  shall  suggest :  and  give 
us,  your  guilty  Subjects  example  to  doe  the  like, 
who  have  held  pace  and  proportion  with  you  in  our 
evill  wayes :  we  will  helpe  you  by  Gods  assistance, 
to  poure  out  rivers  of  tears,  to  wash  away  the  streams 
of  blood,  which  have  beene  shed  for  these  heavy  ac 
counts  ;  we  will  also  helpe  you,  God  helping  us,  to 
beleeve,  that  there  is  hope  in  Israel  for  these  things ; 
and  Balme  enough  in  his  Gilead  to  heale  all  the  brok 
en  bones  of  your  three  kingdomes,  and  to  redouble 
your  honour  and  our  peace  :  His  Arme  is  infinite ; 
to  an  infinite  power  all  things  are  equally  faisable,  to 
an  infinite  mercy,  all  sinnes  equally  pardonable.  The 
Lord  worke  these  things  in  us  and  for  us,  for  his  com 
passions  sake  in  Jesus  Christ. 

Sir,  you  may  now  please  to  discover  your  Selfe 


64  The  Simple  Cooler  of 

where  you  think  meet ;  I  trust  I  have  not  indangered 
you  :  I  presume  your  Ear-guard  will  keep  farre  enough 
from  you,  what  ever  I  have  said  :  be  it  so,  I  have  dis 
charged  my  duty,  let  them  look  to  theirs.  If  my 
tongue  should  reach  your  eares,  which  I  little  hope 
for ;  Let  it  be  once  said  ;  the  great  King  of  great  Brit- 
aine^  tooke  advise  of  a  simple  Cobler,  yet  such  a  Cob- 
ler,  as  will  not  exchange  either  his  blood  or  his  pride, 
with  any  Shoo-maker  or  Tanner  in  your  Realme,  nor 
with  any  of  your  late  Bishops  which  have  flattered 
you  thus  in  peeces :  I  would  not  speake  thus  in  the 
eares  of  the  world,  through  the  mouth  of  the  Presse 
for  all  the  plunder  your  plunderers  have  pillaged; 
were  it  not  somewhat  to  abate  your  Royall  indigna 
tion  toward  a  loyall  Subject  ;  a  Subject  whose  heart 
hath  been  long  carbonadoed,  des  veniani  verbo,  in 
flames  of  affection  towards  you.  Your  Majesty  knowes 
or  may  know,  time  was,  when  I  did,  or  would  have 
done  you  a  better  peece  of  service,  than  all  your 
Troopes  and  Regiments  are  now  doing.  Should  I 
heare  any  Gentleman  that  follows  you,  of  my  yeares, 
say  hee  loves  you  better  than  I,  if  it  were  lawfull,  I 
would  sweare  by  my  Sword,  he  said  more  than  his 
sword  would  make  good. 

Gracious  Sir,  Vouchsafe  to  pardon  me  my  no  other 
sins,  but  my  long  Idolatry  towards  you,  and  my  lov 
ing  you  too  hard  in  this  speech,  and  I  will  pardon  you 
your  Treason  against  me,  even  me,  by  committing 
Treason  against  your  Selfe  my  Lord  and  King  ;  *  and 

*  I  speake  in  termes  of  Divinity  not  of  Law  and  am  deepel)1  griev 
ed  that  I  am  forced  to  such  necessary  over  boldnesse. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  65 

your  murther,  in  murthering  me,  even  me,  by  mnr- 
thering  my  deare  fellow  Subjects,  bone  of  my  bone, 
and  flesh  of  my  flesh,  and  of  yours  also.  If  you  will 
not  pardon  me,  I  will  pardon  my  selfe,  dwell  in  my 
own  clothes  as  long  as  I  can.  and  happily  make  as 
good  a  shift  for  my  proportion,  as  he  that  hath  a 
lighter  paire  of  heeles  :  And  when  you  have  done 
what  you  please  and  what  you  can,  I  am  resolved 
to  be 

As  loyall  a  Subject  to  your  Majesty  when  I 
have  never  a  head  on  my  shoulders,  as 
you  a  Royall  King  to  me,  when  you  have 
your  three  Crownes  on  your  head, 

Theod  :  de  la  Guard. 

Sir, 

I  Cannot  give  you  over  thus  ;  I  most  earnestly  im 
plore  you,  that  you  would  not  deferre  to  consid 
er  yourselfe  throughly,  you  are  now  returned  to  the 
brinke  of  your  Honour  and  our  Peace,  stand  not  too 
long  there,  your  State  is  full  of  distractions,  your  peo 
ple  of  expectations,  the  importune  Affaires  of  your 
Kingdome  perplexedly  suspended,  your  good  Subjects 
are  now  rising  into  a  resolution  to  pray  you  on  to  your 
throne,  or  into  your  Tombe,  into  Grace  with  your  Par 
liament  and  People,  or  into  Glory  with  the  Saints  in 
Heaven  ;  but  how  you  will  get  into  the  one,  without 
passing  first  through  th'  other,  is  the  riddle  they  can 
not  untye.  If  they  shall  ply  the  Throne  of  Grace 
hard,  God  will  certainely  heare,  and  in  a  short  time 
8* 


66  The  Simple  Coblcr  of 

mould  you  to  his  minde,  and  convince  you,  that  it 
had  and  will  bee  farre  easier  to  sit  downe  rneekely 
upon  the  Rectum,  than  to  wander  resolutely  in  ob 
liquities,  which  with  Kings,  seldome  faile  to  dissem- 
bogue  into  bottomlesse  Seas  of  sorrows. 

Dearest  Sir,  be  intreated  to  doe  what  you  doe  sin 
cerely  ;  the  King  of  Heaven  and  Earth  can  search 
and  discover  the  hiddenest  corner  of  your  heart,  your 
Parliament  understands  you  farre  better  then  you  may 
conceive,  they  have  many  eares  and  eyes,  and  good 
ones,  I  beleeve  they  are  Religiously  determined  to 
re-cement  you  to  your  Body  so  exquisitely,  that  the 
Errors  of  State  and  Church,  routed  by  these  late  stirs, 
may  not  re-allee  hereafter,  nor  Themselves  be  made 
a  curse  to  the  issue  of  their  own  bodies,  nor  a  Scoffe, 
to  all  Politique  Bodies  in  Europe.  The  Lord  give 
your  Majesty  and  all  your  Royall  Branches  the  spirit 
of  wisedome  and  under  standing,  the  Spirit  of  knowl 
edge  and  his  fear e,  for  His  mercy  and  Christ  his  sake. 

1  Would  my  skill  would  serve  me  also,  as  well  as 
my  heart,  to  translate  Prince  Rupert,  for  his 
Queen-mothers  sake,  Eliz.  a  second.  Mismeane  me 
not.  I  have  had  him  in  my  armes  when  he  was 
younger,  I  wish  I  had  him  there  now:  if  I  mistake 
not,  he  promised  then  to  be  a  good  Prince,  but  I  doubt 
he  hath  forgot  it :  if  I  thought  he  would  not  be  an 
gry  with  me,  I  would  pray  hard  to  his  Maker,  to  make 
him  a  right  Roundhead,  a  wise  hearted  Palatine,  a 
thankfull  man  to  the  English  ;  to  forgive  all  his  sinnes, 
and  at  length  to  save  his  soule,  notwithstanding  all 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  67 

his  God-damne  mee's  :  yet  I  may  doe  him  wrong  ;  I 
am  not  certaine  hee  useth  that  oath  ;  I  wish  no  man 
else  would.  I  dare  say  the  Devills  dare  not.  I  thank 
God  I  have  lived  in  a  Colony  of  many  thousand  Eng 
lish  almost  these  twelve  yeares,  am  held  a  very  socia 
ble  man  ;  yet  I  may  considerately  say,  I  never  heard 
but  one  Oath  sworne,  nor  never  saw  one  man  drunk, 
nor  ever  heard  of  three  women  Adulteresses,  in  all 
this  time,  that  I  can  call  to  rninde  :  If  these  sinnes 
bee  amongst  us  privily,  the  Lord  heale  us.  I  would 
not  bee  understood  to  boast  of  our  innocency  ;  there 
is  no  cause  I  should,  our  hearts  may  be  bad  enough, 
and  our  lives  much  better.  But  to  follow  my  busi- 
nesse. 

Prosecutions  of  Warres  betweene  a  King  and  his 
Parliament,  are  the  direfull  dilacerations  of  the  world, 
the  cruell  Catastrophes  of  States,  dreadfull  to  speake 
of;  they  are  nefanda  fy  n1  agenda:  I  know  no 
grounds  can  be  given  of  them  but  two  :  Either  upon 
Reason  founded  upon  some  surmisall  of  Treason, 
which  my  reason  cannot  reach  :  I  could  never  con 
ceive  why  a  rational!  King  should  commit  Treason 
against  a  reasonable  Parliament  ;  or  how  a  faithfull 
Parliament  against  their  lawful!  King  :  the  most  I  can 
imagine,  is  a  misprision  of  Treason,  upon  a  mispris- 
ion  of  Reason.  Hee  that  knows  not  the  Spirit  of  his 
King,  is  an  Atheist.  Our  King  is  not  Charles  le 
simple  sometime  of  France  :  he  understands  not  our 
King  that  understands  him  not  to  bee  understanding. 
The  Parliament  is  supposed  Omniscient,  because  un 
der  God  they  are  Omnipotent  :  if  a  Parliament  have 


68  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

not  as  much  knowledge  and  all  other  vertues,  as  all 
the  Kingdome  beside,  they  are  no  good  Abridgement 
of  the  Common-wealth.  I  beleeve  Remonstrances 
have  demonstrated  enough  concerning  this  point  of 
Reason,  to  give  satisfaction  to  such  as  satisfaction  will 
satisfie. 

Or  upon  Will. 

The  Will  of  a  King  is  very  numinous ;  it  hath  a 
kinde  of  vast  universality  in  it,  it  is  many  times  great 
er  than  the  will  of  his  whole  kingdome,  stiffened 
with  ill  Counsell  and  ill  Presidents  :  if  it  be  not  a  foot 
and  half  lesser  than  the  Will  of  his  Councell,  and 
three  foot  lesser  than  the  Will  of  his  Parliament,  it  is 
^oo  big.  I  think  it  were  well  for  a  King  if  hee  had 
no  will  at  all,  but  were  all  Reason.  What  if  he  com 
mitted  his  morall  will  to  Divines,  that  were  no  Bish 
ops?  his  Politicall,  to  his  Parliament,  and  a  Councell 
chosen  by  Parliament  ?  that  if  ever  it  miscarry,  they 
may  blame  themselves  most,  and  him  least.  I  scarce 
know  any  King  that  hath  such  advantage  as  ours ; 
his  three  kingdomes  lye  so  distinct  and  entire,  that  if 
he  please,  he  might  keep  them  like  three  gardens  with 
out  a  weed,  if  he  would  let  God  keep  his  will,  with 
out  wilfulnesse  and  rashnesse. 

I  have  observed  men  to  have  two  kindes  of  Wills, 
a  Free-hold  will,  such  as  men  hold  in  Capite  of  them 
selves  ;  or  a  Copy-hold  will,  held  at  the  will  of  other 
Lords  or  Ladies.  I  have  read  almost  all  the  Com 
mon  Law  of  England,  and  some  Statutes  ;  yet  I  nev 
er  read,  that  the  Parliament  held  their  will  in  such 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  69 

a  Capite :  their  Tenure  is  Knight-service,  and  good 
Knight-service  too,  or  else  they  are  to  blame.  And 
I  am  sure,  a  King  cannot  hold  by  Copy,  at  the  will  of 
other  Lords ;  the  Law  calls  that  base  tenure,  incon 
sistent  with  Royalty  ;  much  more  base  is  it,  to  hold 
at  the  will  of  Ladies:  Apron-string  tenure  is  very 
weak,  tyed  but  of  a  slipping  knot,  which  a  childe  may 
uridoe,  much  more  a  King.  It  stands  not  with  onr 
Q,ueens  honour  to  weare  an  Apron,  much  lesse  her 
Husband,  in  the  strings ;  that  were  to  insnare  both 
him  and  her  self  in  many  unsafeties.  I  never  heard 
our  King  was  Effeminate  :  to  be  a  little  Uxorious  per 
sonally,  is  a  vertuous  vice  in  Oeconomicks  ;  but  Roy 
ally,  a  vitious  vertue  in  Politicks.  To  speak  English, 
Books  and  tongues  tell  us,  I  wish  they  tell  us  true, 
that  the  Error  of  these  Wars  on  our  Kings  part  pro 
ceeds  only  from  ill  Counsel  lours. 

Ill  Counsellours  are  very  ill  Gamesters;  if  they  see 
their  own  stake  a  losing,  they  will  play  away  King, 
dueen,  Bishops,  Knights,  Rooks,  Pawnes,  and  all, 
before  they  will  turne  up  the  board  :  they  that  play 
for  lusts,  will  play  away  themselves,  and  not  leave 
themselves  so  much  as  a  heart  to  repent  j  and  then 
there  is  no  Market  left  but  Hell  ;  if  the  case  be  thus, 
it  is  to  no  end  to  look  for  any  end,  till  one  side  make 
an  end  of  the  other. 

They  that  at  stake  their  Croivncs  and  Honours  set, 
Play  lasting  games,  if  Lust  or  Guilt  doe  bet. 


70  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

Cessation. 

IF  God  would  vouchsafe  to  give  his  Majesties  Re 
ligion  and  Reason,  power  to  fling  his  Wills  head 
over  the  Wall,  in  matter  of  Composition,  and  his  Sub 
jects  strength  to  throw  their  lusts  after  it,  Arms  would 
be  soon  laid  down,  and  Peace  soon  taken  up.  They 
that  are  not  at  peace  with  God,  are  not  at  peace  with 
themselves,  whatever  they  think  ;  and  they  that  are 
not  at  peace  with  themselves,  cannot  be  at  peace  with 
others,  if  occasion  provokes,  be  their  natures  never  so 
good. 

So  farre  as  I  can  conjecture,  the  chiefe  impediment 
to  a  generall  and  mutuall  Cessation  of  Armes,  is,  a 
despaire  of  mutuall  and  general!  forgivenesse.  If  ever 
England  had  need  of  a  generall  Jubile  in  Heaven 
and  Earth,  it  is  now.  Our  King  and  Parliament  have 
been  at  great  strife,  who  should  obtaine  most  Justice : 
if  they  would  now  strive,  who  should  shew  most 
Mercy,  it  would  heare  well  throughout  the  world. 
Here  also  my  speech  must  be  twofold  and  blind-fold. 

is  now  nine  Moneths  and  more  since  the  last  cred 
ible  News  was  acted :  it  is  possible  by  this,  the  Par 
liament  may  be  at  the  Kings  mercy :  Did  I  say  a 
Kings  mercy?  what  can  I  say  more  ?  no  man  on 
earth,  can  shew  more  mercy  then  a  King,  nor  shall 
need  more,  when  he  comes  to  give  an  Account  of  his 
Kingdome  :  Nor  did  ever  any  Parliament  merit  more 
mercy  than  this,  for  they  never  sinned,  that  I  know, 
I  meane  against  the  Common  and  Statute  Law  of 
England :  it  is  pity  they  who  have  given  so  many 
general  pardons,  should  want  one  now.  If  our  King 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  71 

hath  lost  his  way,  and  thereby  learned  to  looke  to 
his  path  better  hereafter,  and  taught  many  Success 
ors  to  King  it  right  for  many  Ages  ;  Me  thinks  it 
should  impetrate  a  Royall  Redintegration,  upon  a  Roy- 
all  acknowledgement  and  ingagement.  But  how 
should  an  erring  King  trust  a  provoked  Parliament  ? 
Surely  he  may  trust  God  safe  enough;  Avho  will  nev 
er  trust  that  State  more  with  a  good  King,  that  will 
doe  ill  to  a  King  that  is  turned  so  good.  Me  thinks 
those  passages  of  Scripture,  Esa.  43.  24,  25.  chap. 
57.  17,  18.  The  strange  illation,  Hos.  2.  13,  14. 
should  melt  a  heart  of  steele  into  floods  of  mercy. 

fc^or  others,  were  my  head,  one  of  the  heads  which 
first  gave  the  King  Counsell  to  take  up  these  Armes, 
or  to  persist  in  them,  when  at  any  time  he  would 
have  disbanded,  I  would  give  that  head  to  the  King- 
dome,  whether  they  would  or  no  ;  if  they  would  not 
cut  it  off,  I  would  cut  it  off  myselfe,  and  tender  it  at 
the  Parliament  doore,  upon  condition  that  all  other 
heads  might  stand,  which  stand  upon  penitent  hearts, 
and  will  doe  better  on  than  off;  then  I  would  carry 
it  to  London- Bridge,  and  charge  my  tongue  to  teach 
all  tongues,  to  pronounce  Parliament  right  hereafter. 

When  a  kingdom  is  broken  just  in  the  neck  joynt, 
in  my  poore  policy,  ropes  and  hatchets  are  not  the 
kindliest  instruments  to  set  it :  Next  to  the  spilling 
of  the  blood  of  Christ  for  sin,  the  sparing  of  the  blood 
of  sinners,  where  it  may  be  as  well  spared  as  spilt,  is 
the  best  way  of  expiation.  It  is  no  rare  thing  for 
Subjects  to  follow  a  leading  King ;  if  he  will  take  his 
truncheon  in  his  hand,  it  is  to  be  expected  many  will 


72  The  Simple  Coblcr  of 

put  their  swords  in  their  Belts.  Sins  that  rise  out  of 
mistake  of  judgement,  are  not  so  sinfull  as  those  of 
malice  ordinarily :  and  when  multitudes  sin,  multi 
tudes  of  mercy  are  the  best  Anodines. 

-  -  gratia  gratis  data,  gratissima. 

Grace  will  dissolve,  but  rigour  hardens  guilt : 
Break  not  with  Steely  blowes,  what  oyle  should  melt. 

In  Breaches  integrant,  'tween  Principally  of  States, 
Due  Justice  may  suppressc,  but  Love  redintegrates. 

')10f 
Whosoever  be  pardoned,  I  pray  -tts-fr  \e\.fBritanicus 

scape,  I  mean  a  pardon.  I  take  him  to  be  a  very 
serviceable  Gentleman  ;  Out  of  my  entire  respect  to 
him,  I  shall  presume  to  give  him  half  a  dozen  stitches 
of  advice  : 

I  intreat  him  to  consider  that  our  King  is  not  onely 
a  man,  but  a  King  in  affliction;  Kings  afflictions  are 
beyond  Subjects  apprehensions;  a  Crown  may  hap 
pily  ake  as  much  as  a  whole  Common-wealth. 

I  desire  him  also  to  conceale  himself  as  deeply  as 
he  can,  if  he  cannot  get  a  speciall  pardon,  to  weare  a 
Latitat  about  his  neck,  or  let  him  lie  close  under  the 
Philosophers  stone,  and  I'le  warrant  him  for  ever 
being  found 

If  he  be  discovered,  I  covinsell  him  to  get  his  head 
set  on  faster  than  our  New-England  Taylors  use  to 
set  on  Buttons ;  Kings,  and  Kings  Childrens  memo 
ries  are  as  keen  as  their  Subjects  wits. 

If  he  fears  any  such  thing,  that  he  would  come  over 
to  us,  to  helpe  recruite  our  bewildred  brains  :  we  will 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  73 

promise  to  maintain  him  so  long  as  he  lives,  if  he 
will  promise  to  live  no  longer  then  we  maintain  him. 

If  he  should  bee  discovered  and  his  head  chance 
to  be  cut  off  against  his  will,  I  earnestly  beseech  him 
to  bequeath  his  wits  to  rne  and  mine  in  Fee-simple, 
for  we  want  them,  arid  cannot  live  by  our  hands  in 
this  Country. 

Lastly,  I  intreat  him  to  keep  his  purse,  I  give 
him  my  counsell  gratis,  confessing  him  to  be  more 
then  my  match,  and  that  I  am  very  loath  to  fall  into 
his  hands. 

Prosecution. 

IF  Reformation,  Composition,  Cessation,  can  finde 
no  admittance,  there  must  and  will  be  Prosecution  : 
to  which  I  would  also  speak  briefly  and  indifferently 
still  to  both  sides  ;  and  first  to  that,  which  I  had  ra 
ther  call  Ray_aJj^Is  thetUCavaliers ;  who  if  I  mistake' 
not,  fight  against  the  Truth. 

Foolish  Cowardly  man  (I  pray  patience,  for  I  speak 
nothing  but  the  pulse  of  my  owne  heart)  dreads  and 
hates,  nothing  in  Heaven  or  Earth,  so  much  as 
Truth  :  it  is  not  God,  nor  Law,  nor  sinne,  nor  death, 
nor  hell,  that  he  feares,  but  onely  because  he  jeares 
there  is  Truth  in  them  :  Could  he  de-truth  them  all, 
he  would  defie  them  all  :  Let  Perdition  it  self  come 
upon  him  with  deadly  threats,  fiery  swords,  display 
ed  vengeance,  he  cares  not :  Let  Salvation  come  cap 
in  hand,  with  naked  Reason,  hannelesse  Religion, 
lawny  embracements,  he  will  rather  flye  or  dyer  than 
entertaine  it :  come  Truth  in  what  shape  it  will,  hee 
9 


74  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

will  reject  it :  and  when  hee  can  beat  it  off  with 
most  steely  prowesse,  he  thinkes  himselfe  the  bravest 
man  ;  when  in  truth  it  is  nothing  but  exsanguine  fee 
ble  exility  of  Spirit.  Thy  heart,  saith  the  Prophet 
Ezek.  16.  30.  is  weake,  like  the  heart  of  an  imperious 
whorish  woman :  a  man  would  thinke,  the  heart  of 
an  imperious  whore,  were  the  very  pummell  of  Scan- 
derbergs  sword ;  alas,  she  is  hen-hearted,  shee  dares 
not  looke  Truth  in  the  face ;  if  she  dared,  shee  would 
neither  be  whorish,  nor  imperious,  nor  weake.  He 
shews  more  true  fortitude,  that  prayes  quarter  of  the 
least  Truth,  at  a  miles  distance,  than  hee  that  breakes 
through  and  hewes  downe  the  most  Theban  Phalanx 
that  ever  field  bore.  Paul  exprest  more  true  valour, 
in  saying,  I  can  doe  nothing  against  the  Truth,  than 
Goliah,  in  defying  the  whole  hoste  of  Israel. 

Couragious  Gentlemen,  Yee  that  will  stab  him 
that  gives  you  the  lye  ;  take  heed  yee  spend  not 
your  bloods,  limbes  and  soules,  in  fighting  for  some 
untruth  :  and  yee  that  will  fling  out  the  gantlet  to  him 
that  calls  you  Coward,  dishonour  not  your  selves 
with  such  Cowardise,  as  to  fight  against  Truth,  meer- 
ly  for  feare  of  it.  A  thousand  pities  it  is,  such  gal 
lant  ^pirits  should  spend  their  lives,  honours,  herit 
ages,  and  sweet  relations  in  any  Warres,  where,  for 
ought  many  of  them  know,  some  false  mistake  com 
mands  in  Chiefe. 

Honoured  Country-men,  bee  intreated  to  love 
Truth  :  if  it  loves  not  you  againe,  and  repaires  not  all 
your  losses,  then  install  some  Untruth  in  its  roome  for 
your  Generall.  If  you  will  needs  warre,  be  perswad- 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  75 

ed  to  contend  lawfully,  wisely  and  stedfastly,  against 
all  errours  in  Divinity  and  Policy :  they  are  the  curs 
ed  Counter-mures,  dropt  Portcullises,  scouring  Angi- 
ports,  sulphurious  Granado's,  laden  murtherers,  peevish 
Galthropes,  and  rascall  desperadoes,  which  the  Prince 
of  lyes  imployes  with  all  his  skill  and  malice,  to 
maintaine  the  walls  and  gates  of  his  kingdome,  when 
Truth  would  enter  in  with  grace  and  peace  to  save 
forlorne  sinners,  and  distressed  Commonwealthes : 
witnesse  the  present  deplorable  estate  of  sundry  States 
in  Europe. 

Give  me  leave  to  speake  a  word  more  :  it  is  but 
this ;  Yee  will  finde  it  a  farre  easier  field,  to  wage 
warre  against  all  the  Armies  that  ever  were  or  will  be 
on  Earth,  and  all  the  Angels  of  Heaven,  than  to  take 
up  Armes  against  any  truth  of  God :  It  hath  more 
Counsell  and  strength  than  all  the  world  besides  j  and 
will  certainely  either  gaine  or  mine,  convert  or  sub 
vert  every  m*an  that  opposes  it.  I  hope  ingenuous 
men  will  rather  take  advice,  then  offence  at  what  I 
have  said  :  I  had  rather  please  ten,  than  grieve  one 
intelligent  man. 

If  this  side  be  resolute,  I  turne  me  to  the  other. 

Goe  on  brave  Englishmen,  in  the  name  of  God,  go 
on  prosperously,  because  of  Truth  and  Righteousnes  : 
Yee  that  have  the  Cause  of  Religion,  the  life  of  your 
Kingdome  and  of  all  the  good  that  is  in  it  in  your 
hands :  Goe  on  undauntedly  :  As  you  are  Called  and 
Chosen,  so  be  faithfull  :  Yee  fight  the  battells  of  the 
Lord,  bee  neither  desidious  nor  perfidious :  You  serve 


76  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

the  King  of  Kings,  who  stiles  you  his  heavenly  Re 
giments  :  Consider  well,  what  impregnable  fighting 
it  is  in  heaven,  where  the  Lord  of  Hosts  is  your  Gen- 
erall,  his  Angells  your  Colonels,  the  Stars  your  fel- 
low-souldiers,  his  Saints  your  Oratonrs,  his  Promises 
your  victuallers,  his  Truth  your  Trenches  ;  where 
Drums  are  Harps,  Trumpets  joyfull  sounds  ;  your 
Ensignes  Christs  Banners  ;  where  your  weapons  and 
armour  are  spirituall,  therefore  irresistable,  therefore 
impierceable  ;  where  Sun  and  wind  cannot  disadvan 
tage  you,  you  are  above  them  ;  where  hell  it  selfe 
cannot  hurt  you,  where  your  swords  are  furbushed 
and  sharpened  by  him  that  made  their  metall,  where 
your  wounds  are  bound  up  with  the  oyle  of  a  good 
Cause,  where  your  blood  runs  into  the  veynes  of 
Christ,  where  sudden  death  is  present  martyrdome  and 
life  ;  your  funeralls  resurrections,  your  honour  glory ; 
where  your  widows  and  babes  are  received  into  per- 
petuall  pensions;  your  names  listed  among  Davids 
Worthies ;  where  your  greatest  losses  are  greatest 
gaines  ;  and  where  you  leave  the  troubles  of  war,  to 
lye  down  in  downy  beds  of  eternall  rest. 

What  good  will  it  doe  you,  deare  Countrymen,  to 
live  without  lives,  to  enjoy  England  without  the 
God  of  England,  your  Kingdoms  without  a  Parlia 
ment,  your  Parliament  without  power,  your  Liberties 
without  stability,  your  Lawes  without  Justice,  your 
honours  without  vertue,  your  beings  without  wel- 
being,  your  wives  without  honesty,  your  children 
without  morality,  your  servants  without  civility,  your 
lands  without  propriety,  your  goods  without  immuni 
ty,  the  Gospel  without  salvation,  your  churches  with- 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  77 

out  Ministery,  your  Ministers  without  piety,  and  all 
you  have  or  can  have,  with  more  teares  and  bitternesse 
of  heart,  than  all  you  have  and  shall  have  will  sweet 
en  or  wipe  away  ? 

Goe  on  therefore  Renowned  Gentlemen,  fall  on 
resolvedly,  till  your  hands  cleave  to  your  swords,  your 
swords  to  your  enemies  hearts,  your  hearts  to  victory, 
your  victories  to  triumph,  your  triumphs  to  the  ever 
lasting  praise  of  him  that  hath  given  you  Spirits  to 
offer  your  selves  willingly,  and  to  jeopard  your  lives 
in  high  perils,  for  his  Name  and  service  sake. 

And   Wee  your  Brethren,  though   we  necessarily     1 
abide  beyond  Jordan,  and  remaine  on  the  American 
Sea-coasts,   will   send   up  Armies  of  prayers   to  the     / 
Throne  of  Grace,  that  the  God  of  power  and  good-    ' 
nesse,  would  incourage  your  hearts,  cover  your  heads,    • 
strengthen  your  arms,  pardon  your  shines,  save  your 
soules,  and  blesse  your  families,  in  the  day  of  Battell. 
Wee  will  also   pray,  that   the   same  Lord   of  Hosts, 
would  discover   the  Counsels,  defeat  the  Enterprizes, 
deride  the  hopes,  disdaine  the  insolencies,  and  wound 
the  hairy  scalpes  of  your  obstinate  Enemies,  and  yet 
pardon  all  that  are    unwillingly  misled.     Wee  will 
likewise  helpe  you  beleeve  that  God  will  be  seen  on 
the  Mount,  that  it  is   all  one  with   him,  to  save  by 
many  or  few,  and  that  he  doth  but  humble  and  try  you 
for  the  present,  that  he  may  doe  you  good  at  the  lat 
ter  end.     All  which  hee  bring  to  passe  who  is  able  to 
doe  exceeding  abundantly,  above  all   we   can  aske  or 
thinke,  for  his  Truth  and  mercy  sake  in  Jesus  Christ. 

Amen.     Amen. 
9* 


78  The  Simple  Cobler  of 


A  Word  of  IRELAND  : 

Not  of  the  Nation  universally,  nor  of  any  man  in 

it,  that  hath  so  much  as  one  haire  of  Christianity 

or  Humanity  growing-  on  his  head  or  beard, 

but   onely  of  the  truculent  Cut-throats, 

and  such  as  shall  take  up  Artnes 

in  their  Defence. 

THese  Irish  anciently  called  Antropophagi, 
man-eaters:  Have  a  Tradition  among  them, 
That  when  the  Devill  shewed  our  Saviour  all  the 
kingdomes  of  the  Earth  and  their  glory,  that  he  would 
not  shew  him  Ireland,  but  reserved  it  for  himselfe  : 
it  is  probably  true,  for  he  hath  kept  it  ever  since  for 
his  own  peculiar  ;  the  old  Fox  foresaw  it  would  eclipse 
the  glory  of  all  the  rest  :  he  thought  it  wisdome  to 
keep  the  land  for  a  Boggards  for  his  unclean  spirits 
imployed  in  this  Hemisphere,  and  the  people,  to  doe 
his  Son  and  Heire,  I  mean  the  Pope,  that  service  for 
which  Lewis  the  eleventh  kept  his  Barbor  Oliver, 
which  makes  them  so  blood-thirsty.  They  are  the 
very  Offall  of  men,  Dregges  of  Mankind,  Reproach 
of  Christendome,  the  Bots  that  crawle  on  the  Beasts 
taile,  I  wonder  Rome  it  self  is  not  ashamed  of  them. 
I  begge  upon  my  hands  and  knees,  that  the  Ex 
pedition  against  them  may  be  undertaken  while  the 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  79 

hearts  and  hands  of  our  Souldiery  are  hot,  to  whom 
I  will  be  bold  to  say  briefly  :  Happy  is  he  that  shall 
reward  them  as  they  have  served  us,  and  Cursed  be 
he  that  shall  do  that  work  of  the  Lord  negligently, 
Cursed  be  he  that  holdeth  back  his  Sword  from  blood  ; 
yea,  Cursed  be  he  that  maketh  not  his  Sword  starke 
drunk  with  Irish  blood,  that  doth  not  recompense 
them  double  for  their  hellish  treachery  to  the  Eng 
lish,  that  maketh  them  not  heaps  upon  heaps,  and 
their  Country  a  dwelling  place  for  Dragons,  an  A- 
stouishnient  to  Nations :  Let  not  that  eye  look  for 
pity,  nor  that  hand  to  be  spared,  that  pities  or  spares 
them,  and  let  him  be  accursed,  that  curseth  not  them 
bitterly. 


80  The  Simple  Cobler  of 


A  Word  of  Love  to  the  Common  People 
of  England. 

IT  is,  your,  now  or  never,  to  muster  up  puissant 
Armies  of  Prayers  to  the  Mercy  Seate  ;  your  Body 
Representative,  is  now  to  take  in  hand,  as  intricate 
a  piece  of  worke,  as  ever  fell  into  the  hands  of  any 
,  Parliament  in  the  world,  to  tye  an  indissoluble  knot 
upon  that  webb  which  hath  been  woven  with  so 
much  cost  and  blond,  wherein  if  they  happen  to  make 
one  false  rnaske,  it  may  re-imbarque  themselves  and 
you  all  into  a  deadly  relapse  of  scorne  and  calamity.  It 
is  the  worke  of  God  not  of  man,  pray  speedily  there 
fore,  and  speedingly,  give  him  no  rest  till  your  rest  be 
throughly  re-established,  Your  God  is  a  God  whose 
Name  is  All-sufficient,  abundant  in  Goodnesse  and 
Truth,  on  whom  the  Sonnes  of  lacob  never  did,  nor 
shall  call  in  vaine,  you  have  a  Throne  of  Grace  wher- 
to  you  may  goe  boldly  j  a  Christ  to  give  you  a  leading 
by  the  hand  and  liberty  of  speech,  an  Intercessor  in 
Heaven  to  offer  up  your  Prayers  wrapp'd  in  his  own  ; 
a  large  Charter  aske  and  have,  a  Spirit  to  helpe  all 
your  infirmities  in  that  duty,  a  sure  Covenant  that 
you  shall  be  heard,  and  such  late  incouragement  as 
may  strengthen  your  feeble  hands  for  ever.  If  you 
who  may  command  God  concerning  the  work  of  his 
handy  shall  faile  to  demand  the  workemanship  of  his 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  81 

hand  in  this  worke,  your  children  will  proclaims  you 
un-thrifts  with  bitter  teares  to  the  worlds  end. 
If  you  see  no  cause  to  pray,  read 
Jer.  18.  1. — 10. 

Be  also  intreated  to  have  a  continuall  and  conscien 
tious  care  not  to  impeach  the  Parliament  in  the  hearts 
one  of  another  by  whispering  complaints,  easilier  told 
then  tryed  or  trued.  Great  bodyes  move  but  slowely, 
especially  when  they  move  on  three  leggs  and  are 
over-loden  with  weighty  occasions.  They  have  now 
sate  full  six  years  without  intermission  to  continue 
your  being,  many  of  their  heads  are  growne  gray  with 
your  cares,  they  are  the  High  Councell  of  the  King- 
dome,  the  great  Gilead  of  your  Balme,  the  Phisitians 
of  all  your  sicknesse ;  if  any  of  them  doe  amisse, 
blame  yourselves,  you  chose  them,  be  wiser  hereafter ; 
you  cannot  doe  the  State,  your  selves,  your  posterity 
a  more  ungratefull  office  then  to  impaire  them  with 
disparagements  and  discoragements  who  are  so  stu 
dious  to  repaire  your  almost  irreparable  ruines. 

Be  likewise  beseeched,  not  to  slight  good  ministers, 
whom  you  were  wont  to  reverence  much,  they  are 
Gods  Embassadours,  your  Ephods,  your  Starres,  your 
Horse-men  &  Chariots,  your  Watchmen,  &  under 
Christ  your  Salvation,  I  know  no  deadlier  Symptome 
of  a  dying  People  than  to  undervalue  godly  Ministers, 
whosoever  despiseth  them  shall  certainly  be  despis 
ed  of  God  and  men  at  one  time  or  other. 


82  The  Simple  Cobler  of 


A  most  humble  heeLpiece. 

TO    THE 

Most   Honourable    Head-piece 
THE 

Parliament    of  England. 

CJ 

I  Might  excuse  my  selfe  in  Part,  with  a  speech 
Lycurgus  used  in  the  like  exigent  of  State^sera- 
ectutefio  audacior,  publica  necessitate  loquacior,  but  it 
much  better  becomes  mee  with  all  lowlinesse  and 
uprightnesse,  wherein  I  have  failed  to  pray  pardon  on 
both  my  knees,  which  I  most  humbly  and  willingly 
doe ;  only,  before  I  rise,  I  crave  leave  to  present  this 
six-fold  Petition. 

That  you  would  be  pleased 

To  preserve  the  Sacred  reputation  of  Parliaments, 
or,  wee  shall  have  no  Common-wealth. 

To  uphold   the  due  estimation  of  good  Ministers, 
else,  we  shall  have  no  Church. 

To  heale  the  sad  dislocation  of  our  Head,  through 
ly,  perfectly,  or,  wee  shall  have  no  King. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  S3 

To  oppugne  the  bold  violation  of  divine  Truths, 
else  wee  shall  have  no  God. 

To  proceed  with  what  zeale  you  began,  or  what 
you  began  can  come  to  little  end. 

To  expedite  worke  with  what  speede  you  safely 
may,  else  ignorant  people  will  feare  they  shall 
have  no  end  at  all. 

Hee  that  is  great  in  Counsell,  and  Wonderfull  in 
Working,  guide  and  helpe  you  in  All  things,  that 
doing  All  things  in  Him,  by  Him,  and  for  Him, 
you  may  doe  All  things  like  Him. 

So  be  it. 


84  The  Simple  Cobler  of 


A  respective  word  to  the  Ministers 
of  ENGLAND. 

FARRE  bee  it  from  mee,  while  I  dehort  others 
to  slight  you  my  selfe,  or  to  despise  any  man 
but  myselfe,  whom  I  can  never  despise  enough  :  I 
rather  humbly  intreate  you  to  forgive  my  boldnesse, 
who  have  most  just  cause  to  judge  my  selfe  lesse  and 
lesse  faithfull  than  the  least  of  you  all,  yet  I  dare  not 
but  bee  so  faithfull  to  you  and  my  selfe,  as  to  say 

They  are  the  Ministers  of  England,  that  have  lost 
the  Land  ;  for  Christs  sake,  put  on  His  bowels,  His 
wisdome,  His  zeale,  and  recover  it. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  85 


1  pray  let  me  drive  in  half  a  dozen  plaine  honest 
Country  Hobnailes,  such  as  the  Martyrs  were 
wont  to  weare  ;  to  make  my  work  hold  the 
surer  ;  and  I  have  done. 

'   ^  II  ^  Here,  lives  cannot  be  good, 
J_        There,  Faith  cannot  be  sure, 
Where  Truth  cannot  be  quiet, 
Nor  Ordinances  pure. 

2.  No  King  can  King  it  right, 

Nor  rightly  sway  his  Rod; 
Who  truely  loves  not  Christ, 
And  truely  fears  not  God. 

3.  He  cannot  rule  a  Land, 

As  Lands  should  ruled  been, 
That  lets  himself  be  ruTd 
By  a  ruling  Roma?ie  Queen. 

4.  No  earthly  man  can  be 

True  Subject  to  this  State ; 
Who  makes  the  Pope  his  Christ, 
An  Herctique  his  Mate. 

5.  There  Peace  ivill  goe  to  War, 

And  Silence  make  a  noise  : 
Where  upper  things  will  not 
W^ith  nether  equipoyse. 
10 


86  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

6.    The  upper  world  shall  Rule, 

While  Stars  will  rim  their  race 
The  nether  world  obey, 

While  People  keep  their  place. 


The  Clench. 

F  any  of  these  come  out 

So  long  's  the  world  doe  last : 
Then  credit  not  a  word 

Of  wliat  is  said  and  past, 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  87 

S  E  R  R  A  T  A*  "SitS 

AT  NON 
CORRIGENDA. 

NOW  I  come  to  rubbe  over  my  work,  I  finde  five 
or  six  things  like  faults,  which  would  be  mend 
ed  or  commended,  I  know  not  well  which,  nor  greatly 
care. 

1.  For   Levity,  read,  Lepidity, and  that  a 

very  little,  and  that  very  necessary,  if  not  unavoyd- 
able. 

Misce  stultitiam  Consiliis  brevcm 
— Dulce  est  desipere  in  loco.     Horat. 

To  speak  to  light  heads  with  heavy  words,  were  to 
break  their  necks  :  to  cloathe  Summer  matter,  with 
Winter  Rugge,  would  make  the  Reader  sweat.  It  is 
musick  to  me,  to  heare  every  Dity  speak  its  spirit  in 
its  apt  tune  :  every  breast,  to  sing  its  proper  part,  and 
every  creature,  to  expresse  it  self  in  its  naturall  note : 
should  I  heare  a  Mouse  roare  like  a  Beare,  a  Cat  lowgh 
like  an  Oxe,  or  a  Horse  whistle  like  a  Red-breast,  it 
would  scare  mee. 

The  world 's  a  well  strung  jidlc,  mans  tongue  the  quill^ 
That  Jills  the  world  with  fumble  for  want  of  skill, 

\\hen  things  and  words  in  tune  and  tone  doe  meet. 
The  univcrsall  song  goes  smooth  and  sweet* 


88  The  Simple  Cobler  of 

2.  For  audacity,  read,  veracity,  or  Verum  Gallice 
non  libenter  audis.  Mart.  Flattery  never  doth  well, 
but  when  it  is  whispered  through  a  paire  of  lisping 
teeth  ;  Truth  best,  when  it  is  spoken  out,  through  a 
paire  of  open  lips.  Ye  make  such  a  noyse  there,  with 
Drums  and  Trumpets,  that  if  I  should  not  speak  loud, 
ye  could  not  hear  me  :  Ye  talke  one  to  another,  with 
whole  Quivering  and  Canon  ;  give  us  leave  to  talk 
Squibs  and  Pistoletto's  charged  with  nothing  but  pow 
der  of  Love  and  shot  of  Reason  :  if  you  will  cut  such 
deep  gashes  in  one  ariothers  flesh,  we  must  sow  them 
up  with  deep  stitches,  else  ye  may  bleed  to  death  : 
ye  were  better  let  us,  your  tender  Countrymen  doe  it, 
than  forraine  Surgeons,  who  will  handle  you  more 
cruelly,  and  take  no  other  pay,  but  your  Lives  and 
Lands. 

Aspice  vultus, 


jL 

Ecce  meos,  utinamque  oculos  in  pectore  posses 
Inscrere  :  Sf  patrias  intus  deprendere  Cur  as. 

(Ovid.  Phoeb. 

He  that  to  tall  men  spcakes,  must  lift  up  's  head, 
And  when  h'  hath  done,  must  set  it  where  he  did: 

He  that  to  proud  men  talkcs,  must  put  on  pride  ; 
And  when  h'  hath  done,  'tis  good  to  lay  't  aside. 

3.  For,  Yes,  but  you  speak  at  three  thousand  miles 
distance,  which  every  Coward  dare  doe,  read,  if  my 
heart  deceives  me  not,  I  would  speak  thus,  in  the  Pres 
ence  Chamber  or  House  of  Commons  ;  hoping  Homer 
will  speak  a  good  word  for  me. 


_____  -  ,  -  -— 

AGGAVVAM  in  America.  89 

0ccQ(faliog  yuQ  avig  Jv  naOiv  auiivwv 


Omnibus  in  rebus  potior  vir  forth  fy  audax 
Sit  licet  hospes,  <$•  c  longinquis  venerit  or  is. 

When  Kings  are  lost,  and  Subjects  cast  away, 
A  faithfull  heart  should  speak  what  tongue  can  say  : 

It  skils  not  where  this  faithfull  heart  doth  dwell, 
His  faithfull  dealing  should  be  taken  well. 

4.  For,  affected  termes,  read,  /  hope  not  -  If 
I  affect  termes,  it  is  my  feeblenesse  ;  friends  that 
know  me,  thinke  I  doe  not  :  I  confesse,  I  see  I  have 
here  and  there  taken  a  few  finish  stitches,  which  may 
haply  please  a  few  Velvet  eares  ;  but  I  cannot  now 
well  pull  them  out,  unlesse  I  should  seame-rend  all. 
It  seemes  it  is  in  fashion  with  you  to  sugar  your  pa 
pers  with  Carnation  phrases,  and  spangle  your  speech 
es  with  new  quodled  words.  Ermins  in  Minifer  is 
every  mans  Coat  :  Yet  we  heare  some  are  raking  in 
old  musty  Charnel  books,  for  old  mouldy  monosylla 
bles  ;  I  wish  they  were  all  banisht  to  Monmouthshire, 
to  returne  when  they  had  more  wit. 

Multa  renascentur  qua  jam  cecidere,  cadentquc 
Qua  nunc  sunt  in  honore  vocabula,  si  volet  usus. 

(Hor. 

I  honour  them  with  my  heart,  that  can  expresse 
more  than  ordinary  matter  in  ordinary  words  :  it  is  a 
pleasing  eloquence  ;  them  more,  that  study  wisely 
and  soberly  to  inhance  their  native  language  ;  them 
most  of  all,  that  esteeme  the  late  significant  speech, 
10* 


90  The  Simple  Cooler  of 

the  third  great  blessing  of  the  Land  ;  it  being  so  en 
riched,  that  a  man  may  speak  4«-  many  tongues  in  his 
Mothers  mouth;  and  an  uplandish  Rusticke,  more  in 
one  word  than  himselfe  and  all  the  Parish  understands. 
Affected  termes  are  unaffecting  things  to  solid  hear 
ers  ;  yet  I  hold  him  prudent,  that  in  these  fastidious 
limes,  will  helpe  disedged  appetites  with  convenient 
condiments,  and  bangled  ears,  with  pretty  quicke 
pluckes.  I  speake  the  rather  because,  not  long  since, 
I  met  with  a  book,  the  best  to  mee  I  ever  saw,  but 
the  Bible  ;  yet  under  favour,  it  was  somewhat  under- 
clad,  especially  by  him  who  can  both  excogitate  and 
expresse  what  hee  undertakes,  as  well  as  any  man  I 
know. 

The  world  is  growne  so  Jine  in  words  and  wit, 
That  yens  must  now  Sir  Edward  Nich'las  it. 

He  that  much  matter  speaks,  speaks  ne'r  a  whit, 
If 's  tongue  doth  not  career  't  above  his  wit. 

5.  For,  You  verse  it  simply,  what  need  have  we  of 
your  thin  Poetry  ;  read,  /  confesse  I  wonder  at  it  my 
self,  that  I  should  turne  Poet :  I  can  impute  it  to 
nothing,  but  to  the  flatnousnesse  of  our  diet :  they 
are  but  sudden  raptures  soone  up,  soone  downe. 

—Deduction  dicere  Carmen^  is  highly  commended 
by  Macrubius. 

Virgil  himselfe  said, 
Agre&tem  tenui  meditabor  arundine  musam. 


AGGAVVAM  in  America.  91 

Poetry  's  a  gift  wherein  but  few  excell ; 

He  doth  very  ill,  that  doth  not  passing  well. 
But  he  doth  passing  well,  that  doth  his  best, 

And  he  doth  best,  that  passeth  all  the  rest. 

6.  For  tediousnesse,  read,  /  am  sorry  for  it 

Wee  have  a  strong  weaknesse  in  N.  E.  that  when  wee 
are  speaking,  we  know  not  how  to  conclude  :  wee 
make  many  ends,  before  we  make  an  end  :  the  fault 
is  in  the  Climate  ;  we  cannot  helpe  it  though  we 
can,  which  is  the  Arch  infirmity  in  all  morality  : 
We  are  so  near  the  West  pole,  that  our  Longitudes 
are  as  long,  as  any  wise  man  would  wish,  and  some 
what  longer.  I  scarce  know  any  Adage  more  grate- 
full,  than  Grata  Irevitas. 

Verba  confer  maxime  ad  compendium.     Plant. 

Coblers  will  mend,  but  some  will  never  mend, 
But  end,  and  end,  and  end,  and  never  end. 

A  well-girt  houre  gives  every  man  content, 

Sixe  ribs  of  bccfe,  are  worth  sixe  weeks  of  Lent. 

For,  all  my  other  faults,  which  may  bee  more  and 
greater  than  I  see,  read,  /  am  heartily  sorry  for  them, 
before  I  know  them,  lest  I  should  forget  it  after  ;  and 
humbly  crave  pardon  at  adventure,  having  nothing 
that  I  can  think  of,  to  plead  but  this, 

Quisquis  mops  peccat,  minor  est  reus.     Petron. 

Poore  Coblers  well  may  fault  it  now  and  then, 
They  'r  ever  mending  faults  for  other  men. 

And  if  I  worke  for  nought,  why  is  it  said, 
This  bungling  Cobler  would  be  soundly  paid  ? 


92  The  Simple  Cobler  of, 


SO  farewell  England  old 
If  evill  times  ensue, 
Let  good  men  come  to  us, 

Wee  'I  welcome  them  to  New. 

And  farewell  Honored  Friends, 

If  happy  dayes  ensue, 
You1 1  have  some  Guests  from  hence, 

Pray  welcome  us  to  you. 

And  farewell  simple  world, 
If  thou  'It  thy  Cranium  mend, 

There  is  my  Last  and  All, 
And  a  Shoem- Alters 

END. 


Postscript. 

THis  honest  Cobler  has  done  what  he  might : 
That  Statesmen  in  their  Shoes  might  walk  upright. 
But  rotten  Shoes  of  Spannish  running-leather : 
No  Coblers  skill,  can  stitch  them  strong  together. 
It  were  best  to  cast  such  rotten  stuff  away : 
And  look  for  that,  that  never  will  decay, 

If  all  were  shod  with  GospcTs  lasting  Peace  ; 
Hatred  abroad,  and  Wars  at  home  would  cease. 
Jerome  Bellamie. 

FINIS. 


APPENDIX. 


The  following  Letters,  (from  Hutchinson's  History  and  Collections,)  &c., 
and  Deed  from  Essex  Registry  of  Deeds,  Salem,  (Lib.  I.,  Ipswich,)  are 
supposed  to  possess  sufficient  interest  to  justify  their  insertion  here. 
BOSTON,  1843. 


LETTER  TO  REV.  JOHN  COTTON. 

Salutem  in  Xto  nostro. 
Reverend  and  dear  friend, 

I  WAS  yesterday  convented  before  the  bishop,  I  mean 
to  his  court,  and  am  adjourned  to  the  next  term.  I  see 
such  giants  turn  their  backs,  that  I  dare  not  trust  my 
own  weak  heart.  I  expect  measure  hard  enough  and  must 
furnish  apace  with  proportionable  armour.  I  lacke  a 
friend  to  help  buckle  it  on.  I  know  none  but  Christ  him 
self  in  all  our  coast  fitt  to  help  me,  and  my  acquaintance 
with  him  is  hardly  enough  to  hope  for  that  assistance  my 
weak  spirit  will  want,  and  the  assaults  of  tentation  call 
for.  I  pray  therefore  forget  me  not  and  believe  for  me 
also  if  there  be  such  a  piece  of  neighbourhood  among 
Christians.  And  so  blessing  God  with  my  whole  heart 
for  my  knowledge  of  you  and  immerited  interest  in  you, 
and  thanking  you  entirely  for  that  faithful  love  I  have 
found  from  you  in  many  expressions  of  the  best  nature, 
I  commit  you  to  the  unchangeable  love  of  God  our  Fa 
ther  in  his  son  Jesus  Christ,  in  whom  I  hope  to  rest  for 
ever. 

Stondon  Mercy,  Your's  in  all  truth  of  heart 

Dec.  13.  1631.  NATH'L.  WARDE. 


94  APPENDIX. 

[Extracts  frum  Johnson's  Wonder- Working1  Providence,  printed  in  London,  1658.] 

"  Of  the  Ninth  Church  of  Christ  gathered  at  Ipswitch. 

THis  year  [1634]  came  over  a  farther  supply  of  Emi 
nent  instruments  for  furthering  this  admirable  Worke 
of  his,  amongst  whom  the  Reverend  and  judicious  servant 
of  Christ  Mr.  Nathaniel  Ware?,  who  tooke  up  his  station  at 
the  Towne  of  Ipsivich,"  "  scituated  on  a  faire  and  delightful! 
River,"  "  in  the  Saggamoorcship,  or  Earldom  of  Aggawam." 
"  The  peopling  of  this  Towne  is  by  men  of  good  ranke  and 
quality,  many  of  them  having  the  yearly  Revenue  of  large 
Lands  in  England  before  they  came  to  this  Wildernesse, 
but  their  Estates  being  imployed  for  Christ,  and  left  in 
banke  as  you  have  formerly  heard,  they  are  well  content  till 
Christ  shall  be  pleased  to  restore  it  againe  to  them  or  theirs. 
"  Their  meeting-house  is  a  very  good  prospect  to  a  great 
part  of  the  Towne,  and  beautifully  built,  the  Church  of 
Christ  here  consists  of  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  soules, 
being  exact  in  their  conversation,  and  free  from  the  Epi- 
demicall  Disease  of  all  Reforming  Churches,  which  under 
Christ  is  procured  by  their  pious  Learned  and  Orthodox 
Ministery,  as  in  due  place  (God  willing)  shall  be  declared, 
in  the  meane  time,  look  on  the  following  Meeters  concern 
ing  that  Souldier  of  Christ  Master  Nathaniel  Ward. 

«Hou  ancient  Sage,  come  Ward  among 

Christs  foJfe,  *  take  part  in  this  great  worke  of  his,       [*folke.] 
Why  do'st  thou  stand  and  gaze  about  so  long  ; 

Do'st  war  in  jest,  why,  Christ  in  earnest  is, 
And  hath  thee  arm'd  with  weapons  for  that  end, 

To  wound  and  heale  his  enemies  submitting, 
Not  carnally,  then  to  this  worke  attend  ; 

Thou  hast  prevailed  the  hearts  of  many  hitting. 
Although  the  Presbytery  unpleasant  jar, 

And  errors  daily  in  their  braines  new  coyne  : 
Dcspayer  not,  Christs  truth  they  shall  not  mar  ; 

But  with  his  helpe  such  drossefrom  Gold  refine. 
What  Man  do'st  meane  to  lay  thy  Trumpet  dmcne  ? 

Because  thy  son  like  Worrier  is  become, 
Hold  out  or  sure  lesse  bright  will  be  thy  crowne, 

Till  death  Christs  servants  labour  is  not  done." 


T 


APPENDIX. 


95 


LETTER  FROM  GYLES  FYRMIN  TO  GOV.  WINTHROP. 

Much  honoured  and  deare  Sir, 

BUT  that  I  thinke  it  needlesse  (God  havinge  more  than 
ordinarye  fitted  you  for  such  trials)  my  letter  might 
tell  you  with  what  griefe  of  spirit  I  received  the  news  of 
that  sad  affliction  which  is  lately  happened  to  your  worship, 
by  means  of  that  unfaithful  wretch ;  I  hope  God  will  find 
a  shoulder  to  helpe  you  beare  so  great  a  burthen.  But  the 
little  time  there  is  allotted  me  to  write  I  must  spend  in  re 
questing  your  worships  counsel  and  favour.  My  father  in 
law  Ward,  since  his  sonne  came  over,  is  varey  desirous  that 
wee  might  sett  down  together,  and  so  that  he  might  leave 
us  together  if  God  should  remove  him  from  hence.  Because 
that  it  cannot  be  accomplished  in  this  town,  is  verey  desirous 
to  get  mee  to  remove  with  him  to  a  new  plantation.  After 
much  perswasion  used,  consideringe  my  want  of  accommo 
dation  here  (the  ground  the  town  having  given  mee  lying  5 
miles  from  mee  or  more)  and  that  the  gaines  of  physick  will 
not  finde  mee  with  bread,  but,  besides,  apprehendinge  that  it 
might  bee  a  way  to  free  him  from  some  temptations,  and 
make  him  more  cheereful  and  serviceable  to  the  country  or 
church,  have  yeelded  to  him.  Herein,  as  I  desire  your  coun 
sel,  so  I  humbly  request  your  favour,  that  you  would  be  pleas 
ed  to  give  us  the  libertye  of  choosinge  .a  plantation ;  wee 
thinke  it  will  be  at  Pentuckett,  or  Quichichchek,  by  Shaw- 
shin  :  So  soon  as  the  season  will  give  us  leave  to  goe,  wee 
shall  informe  your  worship  which  we  desire  :  And  if  that, 
by  the  court  of  election,  we  cannot  gather  a  company  to 
beegine  it,  wee  will  let  it  fall.  Wee  desire  you  would  not 
graunt  any  of  them  to  any  before  wee  have  seene  them.  If 
your  worship  have  heard  any  relation  of  the  places,  wee 
should  remaine  thankful  to  you,  if  you  would  bee  pleased  to 
counsel  us  to  any  of  them.  Further,  I  would  entreate  for  ad 
vise  in  this:  The  towne  gave  mee  the  ground  (100  acres) 
upon  this  condition,  that  I  should  stay  in  the  towne  3  yeeres, 


96  APPENDIX. 

or  else  I  could  not  sell  it :  Now  my  father  supposes  it  being 
my  first  heritage  (my  father  having  none  in  the  land)  that  it 
is  more  than  they  canne  doe  to  hinder  mee  thus,  when  as 
others  have  no  business,  but  range  from  place  to  place,  on 
purpose  to  live  upon  the  countrey.  I  would  entreate  your 
counsel  whither  or  noe  I  canne  sell  it.  Further :  I  am 
strongly  sett  upon  to  studye  divinitie,  my  studyes  else  must 
be  lost :  for  physick  is  but  a  meene  helpe.  In  these  cases 
I  humbly  referre  to  your  worship,  as  my  father,  for  your 
counsel,  and  so  in  much  haste,  with  my  best  services  pre 
sented  to  your  worship,  wishinge  you  a  strong  support  in 
your  affliction,  and  a  good  and  comfortable  issue,  I  rest 

Your  worships  in  what  he  canne  to  his  power, 
Ipswich,  26.  10th  1639.  GYLES  FYRMIN. 

Wee  humbly  entreate  your  secrecye  in  our  desires. 


November  25°  i646./ 

CUhis  prsent  writing  wittnesseth  that  I,  Nathaniel  Ward  of 
Ipswich  in  New  England  have  bargained  &  sould  to  John 
Eaton  of  Salsbury  Coo^  all  the  land  ground  meadow  &, 
Cofnonage  wth  their  apprtin  cs  which  I  have  or  ought  to  have 
at  this  prsent  Day  in  Haverhill  or  Pentuckett  in  New  Eng 
land  to  $abe  Wti  to  Jjott*  the  said  prmisses  to  the  said  John 
Eaton  his  heires  &  assignes  paying  for  the  same  vnto  the 
said  Nathaniel  Ward  his  executors  administr8  or  assignes 
the  full  sume  of  twelve  pounds  of  wheate  &  pipe = staves 
six  pounds  worth  of  one  &/  six  pounds  worth  of  the  other 
to  be  delitfed  to  mr  Richard  Russell  or  Maior  Sedgwick  at 
Charles  Towne  before  the  end  of  September  Next  ensuying 
the  Dat  hereof;  such  as  shalbe  good  &  merchantable  at  the 
currant  price  at  that  tyme  &  place 
£n  tofttnesse  to&ereof  I  have  set  to  my  hand  &  scale. 
Wittnes  NATH  WARD 

THOMAS  HOWLETT  ^ i- 

EDMAN  BRIDGES  /*\^  A 

/'  OF    THE  \  '   _ 

UNIVERSITY 


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